5. ICA 2004: Granada, Spain
Carlos García Puntonet, Alberto Prieto (Eds.): Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation, Fifth International Conference, ICA 2004, Granada, Spain, September 22-24, 2004, Proceedings. Springer 2004 Lecture Notes in Computer Science ISBN 3-540-23056-4
Theory and Fundamentals

Samareh Samadi, Massoud Babaie-Zadeh, Christian Jutten, Kambiz Nayebi: Blind Source Separation by Adaptive Estimation of Score Function Difference. 9-17
Francisco Castells, Jorge Igual, Vicente Zarzoso, José Joaquín Rieta, José Millet: Exploiting Spatiotemporal Information for Blind Atrial Activity Extraction in Atrial Arrhythmias. 18-25
Deniz Erdogmus, Yadunandana N. Rao, José Carlos Príncipe: Gaussianizing Transformations for ICA. 26-32
Rubén Martín-Clemente, Susana Hornillo-Mellado, Carlos García Puntonet, José I. Acha: New Eigensystem-Based Method for Blind Source Separation. 33-40
Mark D. Plumbley: Optimization Using Fourier Expansion over a Geodesic for Non-negative ICA. 49-56
Sergio Cruces, Iván Durán: The Minimum Support Criterion for Blind Signal Extraction: A Limiting Case of the Strengthened Young's Inequality. 57-64
Harri Valpola, Jaakko Särelä: Accurate, Fast and Stable Denoising Source Separation Algorithms. 65-72
Yolanda Blanco Archilla, Santiago Zazo: An Overview of BSS Techniques Based on Order Statistics: Formulation and Implementation Issues. 73-80
Sebastien Lagrange, Luc Jaulin, Vincent Vigneron, Christian Jutten: Analytical Solution of the Blind Source Separation Problem Using Derivatives. 81-88
Arie Yeredor, Andreas Ziehe, Klaus-Robert Müller: Approximate Joint Diagonalization Using a Natural Gradient Approach. 89-96
Albert Bijaoui, Danielle Nuzillard, Tanusree Deb Barma: BSS, Classification and Pixel Demixing. 97-104
Mohamed Sahmoudi, Karim Abed-Meraim, Messaoud Benidir: Blind Separation of Heavy-Tailed Signals Using Normalized Statistics. 113-120
Pando G. Georgiev, Fabian J. Theis: Blind Source Separation of Linear Mixtures with Singular Matrices. 121-128
Yusuke Katayama, Masanori Ito, Allan Kardec Barros, Yoshinori Takeuchi, Tetsuya Matsumoto, Hiroaki Kudo, Noboru Ohnishi, Toshiharu Mukai: Closely Arranged Directional Microphone for Source Separation: Effectiveness in Reduction of the Number of Taps and Preventing Factors. 129-135
Motoaki Kawanabe, Klaus-Robert Müller: Estimating Functions for Blind Separation when Sources Have Variance-Dependencies. 136-143
Gen Hori: Framework of Constrained Matrix Gradient Flows. 144-151
Mike Davies: Identifiability, Subspace Selection and Noisy ICA. 152-159
Fulgencio S. Buendía Buendía, J. Miguel Barrón-Adame, Antonio Vega-Corona, Diego Andina: Improving GRNNs in CAD Systems. 160-167
Saeid Sanei, Loukianos Spyrou, Wenwu Wang, Jonathon A. Chambers: Localization of P300 Sources in Schizophrenia Patients Using Constrained BSS. 177-184
Luis Vielva, Ignacio Santamaría, Jesús Ibáñez, Deniz Erdogmus, José Carlos Príncipe: On the Estimation of the Mixing Matrix for Underdetermined Blind Source Separation in an Arbitrary Number of Dimensions. 185-192
Ichigaku Takigawa, Mineichi Kudo, Atsuyoshi Nakamura, Jun Toyama: On the Minimum l1-Norm Signal Recovery in Underdetermined Source Separation. 193-200
Rémi Gribonval, Morten Nielsen: On the Strong Uniqueness of Highly Sparse Representations from Redundant Dictionaries. 201-208
Harald Stögbauer, Ralph G. Andrzejak, Alexander Kraskov, Peter Grassberger: Reliability of ICA Estimates with Mutual Information. 209-216
Frank C. Meinecke, Stefan Harmeling, Klaus-Robert Müller: Robust ICA for Super-Gaussian Sources. 217-224
Juan Charneco Fernández: Simultaneous Extraction of Signal Using Algorithms Based on the Nonstationarity. 233-239
David Blanco, Bernard Mulgrew, Steve McLaughlin, Diego P. Ruiz, María C. Carrión: The Use of ICA in Speckle Noise. 248-255
Carlos García Puntonet, Juan Manuel Górriz Sáez, Moisés Salmerón, Susana Hornillo-Mellado: Theoretical Method for Solving BSS-ICA Using SVM. 256-262
Bertrand Rivet, Vincent Vigneron, Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu, Christian Jutten: Wavelet De-noising for Blind Source Separation in Noisy Mixtures. 263-270
Linear Mixture Models
José M. Leiva-Murillo, Antonio Artés-Rodríguez: A Gaussian Mixture Based Maximization of Mutual Information for Supervised Feature Extraction. 271-278
Shahram Hosseini, Yannick Deville: Blind Separation of Nonstationary Sources by Spectral Decorrelation. 279-286
Ana R. Teixeira, Ana Maria Tomé, Elmar Wolfgang Lang, Kurt Stadlthanner: Delayed AMUSE - A Tool for Blind Source Separation and Denoising. 287-294
Lieven De Lathauwer, Joos Vandewalle: Dimensionality Reduction in ICA and Rank-(R1, R2, ..., RN) Reduction in Multilinear Algebra. 295-302
Yoshitatsu Matsuda, Kazunori Yamaguchi: Linear Multilayer Independent Component Analysis Using Stochastic Gradient Algorithm. 303-310
Jian-Wu Xu, Deniz Erdogmus, Yadunandana N. Rao, José Carlos Príncipe: Minimax Mutual Information Approach for ICA of Complex-Valued Linear Mixtures. 311-318
Dmitri Model, Michael Zibulevsky: Signal Reconstruction in Sensor Arrays Using Temporal-Spatial Sparsity Regularization. 319-326
Emmanuel Vincent, Xavier Rodet: Underdetermined Source Separation with Structured Source Priors. 327-334
Lieven De Lathauwer, Luc Hoegaerts, Joos Vandewalle: A Grassmann-Rayleigh Quotient Iteration for Dimensionality Reduction in ICA. 335-342
Manuel Rodríguez Álvarez, Fernando Rojas Ruiz, Rubén Martín-Clemente, Ignacio Rojas Ruiz, Carlos García Puntonet: Geometrical ICA-Based Method for Blind Separation of Super-Gaussian Signals. 350-357
Adriana Dapena: A Novel Method to Recover N Sources from N-1 Observations and Its Application to Digital Communications. 358-365
Nadège Thirion-Moreau, El Mostafa Fadaili, Eric Moreau: A Sufficient Condition for Separation of Deterministic Signals Based on Spatial Time-Frequency Representations. 366-373
Masanori Ito, Masashi Ohata, Mitsuru Kawamoto, Toshiharu Mukai, Yujiro Inouye, Noboru Ohnishi: Adaptive Robust Super-exponential Algorithms for Deflationary Blind Equalization of Instantaneous Mixtures. 374-381
Koby Todros, Joseph Tabrikian: Application of Gaussian Mixture Models for Blind Separation of Independent Sources. 382-389
Eran Doron, Arie Yeredor: Asymptotically Optimal Blind Separation of Parametric Gaussian Sources. 390-397
Cédric Févotte, Simon J. Godsill, Patrick J. Wolfe: Bayesian Approach for Blind Separation of Underdetermined Mixtures of Sparse Sources. 398-405
Alexander M. Bronstein, Michael M. Bronstein, Michael Zibulevsky: Blind Source Separation Using the Block-Coordinate Relative Newton Method. 406-413
Juan Manuel Górriz Sáez, Carlos García Puntonet, Moisés Salmerón, Fernando Rojas Ruiz: Hybridizing Genetic Algorithms with ICA in Higher Dimension. 414-421
Sarit Shwartz, Michael Zibulevsky, Yoav Y. Schechner: ICA Using Kernel Entropy Estimation with NlogN Complexity. 422-429
Bijan Afsari, Perinkulam S. Krishnaprasad: Some Gradient Based Joint Diagonalization Methods for ICA. 437-444
Sang-Gyun Kim, Chang D. Yoo: Underdetermined Independent Component Analysis by Data Generation. 445-452
Convolutive Models
Ali Mansour: Batch Mutually Referenced Separation Algorithm for MIMO Convolutive Mixtures. 453
Ryo Mukai, Hiroshi Sawada, Shoko Araki, Shoji Makino: Frequency Domain Blind Source Separation for Many Speech Signals. 461-469
Addisson Salazar, Luis Vergara, Jorge Igual, Jorge Gosálbez, Ramón Miralles: ICA Model Applied to Multichannel Non-destructive Evaluation by Impact-Echo. 470-477
Kostas Kokkinakis, Asoke K. Nandi: Multichannel Speech Separation Using Adaptive Parameterization of Source PDFs. 486-493
Paris Smaragdis: Non-negative Matrix Factor Deconvolution; Extraction of Multiple Sound Sources from Monophonic Inputs. 494-499
Alexander M. Bronstein, Michael M. Bronstein, Michael Zibulevsky, Yehoshua Y. Zeevi: Optimal Sparse Representations for Blind Deconvolution of Images. 500-507
Pierre Jallon, Antoine Chevreuil, Philippe Loubaton, Pascal Chevalier: Separation of Convolutive Mixtures of Cyclostationary Sources: A Contrast Function Based Approach. 508-515
Liangsuo Ma, Ah Chung Tsoi: A Continuous Time Balanced Parametrization Approach to Multichannel Blind Deconvolution. 516-523
Seung H. Nam, Seungkwon Beack: A Frequency-Domain Normalized Multichannel Blind Deconvolution Algorithm for Acoustical Signals. 524-531
Wenwu Wang, Jonathon A. Chambers, Saeid Sanei: A Novel Hybrid Approach to the Permutation Problem of Frequency Domain Blind Source Separation. 532-539
Samer A. Abdallah, Mark D. Plumbley: Application of Geometric Dependency Analysis to the Separation of Convolved Mixtures. 540-547
Konstantinos I. Diamantaras, Theophilos Papadimitriou: Blind Deconvolution of SISO Systems with Binary Source Based on Recursive Channel Shortening. 548-553
Alexander M. Bronstein, Michael M. Bronstein, Michael Zibulevsky: Blind Deconvolution Using the Relative Newton Method. 554-561
Hyung-Min Park, Sang-Hoon Oh, Soo-Young Lee: Blind Equalization Using Direct Channel Estimation. 562-569
Eran Eidinger, Arie Yeredor: Blind MIMO Identification Using the Second Characteristic Function. 570-577
Marcel Joho: Blind Signal Separation of Convolutive Mixtures: A Time-Domain Joint-Diagonalization Approach. 578-585
Susana Hornillo-Mellado, Carlos García Puntonet, Rubén Martín-Clemente, Manuel Rodríguez Álvarez, Juan Manuel Górriz Sáez: Characterization of the Sources in Convolutive Mixtures: A Cumulant-Based Approach. 586-593
Mads Dyrholm, Lars Kai Hansen: CICAAR: Convolutive ICA with an Auto-regressive Inverse Model. 594-601
Bernard Xerri, Bruno Borloz: Detection by SNR Maximization: Application to the Blind Source Separation Problem. 602-609
Hiroshi Sawada, Stefan Winter, Ryo Mukai, Shoko Araki, Shoji Makino: Estimating the Number of Sources for Frequency-Domain Blind Source Separation. 610-617
Rasmus Kongsgaard Olsson, Lars Kai Hansen: Estimating the Number of Sources in a Noisy Convolutive Mixture Using BIC. 618-625
Satoshi Ukai, Hiroshi Saruwatari, Tomoya Takatani, Kiyohiro Shikano, Ryo Mukai, Hiroshi Sawada: Evaluation of Multistage SIMO-Model-Based Blind Source Separation Combining Frequency-Domain ICA and Time-Domain ICA. 626-633
Scott C. Douglas, Hiroshi Sawada, Shoji Makino: On Coefficient Delay in Natural Gradient Blind Deconvolution and Source Separation Algorithms. 634-642
Markus Hofbauer: On the FIR Inversion of an Acoustical Convolutive Mixing System: Properties and Limitations. 643-651
Stefan Winter, Hiroshi Sawada, Shoko Araki, Shoji Makino: Overcomplete BSS for Convolutive Mixtures Based on Hierarchical Clustering. 652-660
Wenwu Wang, Jonathon A. Chambers, Saeid Sanei: Penalty Function Approach for Constrained Convolutive Blind Source Separation. 661-668
Nikolaos Mitianoudis, Michael E. Davies: Permutation Alignment for Frequency Domain ICA Using Subspace Beamforming Methods. 669-676
Alexander M. Bronstein, Michael M. Bronstein, Michael Zibulevsky, Yehoshua Y. Zeevi: QML Blind Deconvolution: Asymptotic Analysis. 677-684
Kiyotaka Kohno, Yujiro Inouye, Mitsuru Kawamoto: Super-exponential Methods Incorporated with Higher-Order Correlations for Deflationary Blind Equalization of MIMO Linear Systems. 685-693
Nonlinear ICA and BSS
Shahram Hosseini, Yannick Deville: Blind Maximum Likelihood Separation of a Linear-Quadratic Mixture. 694-701
Anthony Larue, Christian Jutten, Shahram Hosseini: Markovian Source Separation in Post-nonlinear Mixtures. 702-709
John Aldo Lee, Christian Jutten, Michel Verleysen: Non-linear ICA by Using Isometric Dimensionality Reduction. 710-717
Fabian J. Theis, Shun-ichi Amari: Postnonlinear Overcomplete Blind Source Separation Using Sparse Sources. 718-725
Fabian J. Theis, Anke Meyer-Bäse, Elmar Wolfgang Lang: Second-Order Blind Source Separation Based on Multi-dimensional Autocovariances. 726-733
Tobias Blaschke, Laurenz Wiskott: Independent Slow Feature Analysis and Nonlinear Blind Source Separation. 742-749
Jun Fujiki, Shotaro Akaho, Noboru Murata: Nonlinear PCA/ICA for the Structure from Motion Problem. 750-757
Fernando Rojas Ruiz, Carlos García Puntonet, Ignacio Rojas Ruiz, Manuel Rodríguez Álvarez, Juan Manuel Górriz Sáez: Plugging an Histogram-Based Contrast Function on a Genetic Algorithm for Solving PostNonLinear-BSS. 758-765
Alexander Ilin, Antti Honkela: Post-nonlinear Independent Component Analysis by Variational Bayesian Learning. 766-773
Juha Karvanen, Toshihisa Tanaka: Temporal Decorrelation as Preprocessing for Linear and Post-nonlinear ICA. 774-781
Anke Meyer-Bäse, Fabian J. Theis, Oliver Lange, Carlos García Puntonet: Tree-Dependent and Topographic Independent Component Analysis for fMRI Analysis. 782-789
Antti Honkela, Stefan Harmeling, Leo Lundqvist, Harri Valpola: Using Kernel PCA for Initialisation of Variational Bayesian Nonlinear Blind Source Separation Method. 790-797
Speech Processing Applications
Massoud Babaie-Zadeh, Ali Mansour, Christian Jutten, Farrokh Marvasti: A Geometric Approach for Separating Several Speech Signals. 798-806
Christine Servière, Dinh-Tuan Pham: A Novel Method for Permutation Correction in Frequency-Domain in Blind Separation of Speech Mixtures. 807-815
Juan Manuel Sanchis, Francisco Castells, José Joaquín Rieta: Convolutive Acoustic Mixtures Approximation to an Instantaneous Model Using a Stereo Boundary Microphone Configuration. 816-823
Pedro Gómez Vilda, Rafael Martínez, Agustín Álvarez Marquina, Victor Nieto Lluis, María Victoria Rodellar Biarge, Francisco Díaz Pérez, F. Rodríguez: DOA Detection from HOS by FOD Beamforming and Joint-Process Estimation. 824-831
Dorothea Kolossa, Reinhold Orglmeister: Nonlinear Postprocessing for Blind Speech Separation. 832-839
Robert Aichner, Herbert Buchner, Fei Yan, Walter Kellermann: Real-Time Convolutive Blind Source Separation Based on a Broadband Approach. 840-848
Koutaro Kamata, Xuebin Hu, Hidefumi Kobatake: A New Approach to the Permutation Problem in Frequency Domain Blind Source Separation. 849-856
Changkyu Choi, Gil-Jin Jang, Yongbeom Lee, Sang Ryong Kim: Adaptive Cross-Channel Interference Cancellation on Blind Source Separation Outputs. 857-864
Jordi Solé i Casals, Marcos Faúndez-Zanuy: Application of the Mutual Information Minimization to Speaker Recognition / Verification Improvement. 865-872
Rajkishore Prasad, Hiroshi Saruwatari, Kiyohiro Shikano: Single Channel Speech Enhancement: MAP Estimation Using GGD Prior Under Blind Setup. 873-880
Tsuyoki Nishikawa, Hiroshi Saruwatari, Kiyohiro Shikano, Atsunobu Kaminuma: Stable and Low-Distortion Algorithm Based on Overdetermined Blind Separation for Convolutive Mixtures of Speech. 881-888
Daniel Smith, Jason Lukasiak, Ian S. Burnett: Two Channel, Block Adaptive Audio Separation Using the Cross Correlation of Time Frequency Information. 889-897
Shoko Araki, Shoji Makino, Hiroshi Sawada, Ryo Mukai: Underdetermined Blind Separation of Convolutive Mixtures of Speech with Directivity Pattern Based Mask and ICA. 898-905
Image Processing Applications
Wei Lu, Jian Zhang, Xiaobing Sun, Kanzo Okada: A Digital Watermarking Technique Based on ICA Image Features. 906-913
Mika Inki: A Model for Analyzing Dependencies Between Two ICA Features in Natural Images. 914-921
Marc Castella, Jean-Christophe Pesquet: An Iterative Blind Source Separation Method for Convolutive Mixtures of Images. 922-929
Mauro Costagli, Ercan E. Kuruoglu, Alijah Ahmed: Astrophysical Source Separation Using Particle Filters. 930-937
Juan José Murillo-Fuentes: Independent Component Analysis in the Watermarking of Digital Images. 938-945
Ivan Gerace, Francesco Cricco, Anna Tonazzini: An Extended Maximum Likelihood Approach for the Robust Blind Separation of Autocorrelated Images from Noisy Mixtures. 954-961

Biomedical Applications
Ingo R. Keck, Fabian J. Theis, Peter Gruber, Elmar Wolfgang Lang, Karsten Specht, Carlos García Puntonet: 3D Spatial Analysis of fMRI Data on a Word Perception Task. 977-984
Gonzalo A. García, Kazuya Maekawa, Kenzo Akazawa: Decomposition of Synthetic Multi-channel Surface-Electromyogram Using Independent Component Analysis. 985-992
Peter Gruber, Kurt Stadlthanner, Ana Maria Tomé, Ana R. Teixeira, Fabian J. Theis, Carlos García Puntonet, Elmar Wolfgang Lang: Denoising Using Local ICA and a Generalized Eigendecomposition with Time-Delayed Signals. 993-1000
Alexey Polonsky, Michael Zibulevsky: MEG/EEG Source Localization Using Spatio-temporal Sparse Representations. 1001-1008
Jörn Anemüller, Terrence J. Sejnowski, Scott Makeig: Reliable Measurement of Cortical Flow Patterns Using Complex Independent Component Analysis of Electroencephalographic Signals. 1009-1016
Frédéric Vrins, Christian Jutten, Michel Verleysen: Sensor Array and Electrode Selection for Non-invasive Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction by Independent Component Analysis. 1017-1014
Christopher J. James, Christian W. Hesse: A Comparison of Time Structure and Statistically Based BSS Methods in the Context of Long-Term Epileptiform EEG Recordings. 1025-1032
Kevin A. Glass, Gwen A. Frishkoff, Robert M. Frank, Colin Davey, Joseph Dien, Allen D. Malony, Don M. Tucker: A Framework for Evaluating ICA Methods of Artifact Removal from Multichannel EEG. 1033-1040
Ju Liu, Yu Du, Jing Li, Kaibao Nie: A New Method for Eliminating Stimulus Artifact in Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Using ICA. 1041-1047
Christian W. Hesse, Christopher J. James: An Efficient Time-Frequency Approach to Blind Source Separation Based on Wavelets. 1048-1055
Ales Holobar, Damjan Zazula: Blind Deconvolution of Close-to-Orthogonal Pulse Sources Applied to Surface Electromyograms. 1056-1063
Patricia Mayo, Francisco Rodenas Escriba, Gumersindo Verdú Martín: Denoising Mammographic Images Using ICA. 1064-1071
Paul F. Stetson: Independent Component Analysis of Pulse Oximetry Signals Based on Derivative Skew. 1072-1078
José Joaquín Rieta, César Sánchez, Juan Manuel Sanchis, Francisco Castells, José Millet: Mixing Matrix Pseudostationarity and ECG Preprocessing Impact on ICA-Based Atrial Fibrillation Analysis. 1079-1086
Giulia Barbati, Camillo Porcaro, Carlo Salustri: "Signal Subspace" Blind Source Separation Applied to Fetal Magnetocardiographic Signals Extraction. 1087-1094
Mathieu Lemay, Jean-Marc Vesin, Zenichi Ihara, Lukas Kappenberger: Suppression of Ventricular Activity in the Surface Electrocardiogram of Atrial Fibrillation. 1095-1102
Jörn Anemüller, Jeng-Ren Duann, Terrence J. Sejnowski, Scott Makeig: Unraveling Spatio-temporal Dynamics in fMRI Recordings Using Complex ICA. 1103-1110
César Sánchez, José Joaquín Rieta, Francisco Castells, Raúl Alcaraz, José Millet: Wavelet Domain Blind Signal Separation to Analyze Supraventricular Arrhythmias from Holter Registers. 1111-1117
Other Applications
Juan Manuel Sanchis, José Joaquín Rieta, Francisco Castells, José Millet: A New Auditory-Based Index to Evaluate the Blind Separation Performance of Acoustic Mixtures. 1118-1125
Juan José González de la Rosa, Carlos García Puntonet, Juan Manuel Górriz Sáez, Isidro Lloret Galiana: An Application of ICA to Identify Vibratory Low-Level Signals Generated by Termites. 1126-1133
Gaoming Huang, Luxi Yang, Zhenya He: Application of Blind Source Separation to a Novel Passive Location. 1134-1141
Rafael Boloix-Tortosa, Juan José Murillo-Fuentes: Blind Source Separation in the Adaptive Reduction of Inter-channel Interference for OFDM. 1142-1149
Maciej Pedzisz, Ali Mansour: HOS Based Distinctive Features for Preliminary Signal Classification. 1158-1164
V. Sanchez-Poblador, Enric Monte-Moreno, Jordi Solé i Casals: ICA as a Preprocessing Technique for Classification. 1165-1172
Tapani Ristaniemi, Toni Huovinen: Joint Delay Tracking and Interference Cancellation in DS-CDMA Systems Using Successive ICA for Oversaturated Data. 1173-1180
Sonu Punnoose, Xu Zhu, Asoke K. Nandi: Layered Space Frequency Equalisation for MIMO-MC-CDMA Systems in Frequency Selective Fading Channels. 1181-1188
Luciano Sarperi, Asoke K. Nandi, Xu Zhu: Multiuser Detection and Channel Estimation in MIMO OFDM Systems via Blind Source Separation. 1189-1196

Xavier Sevillano, Francesc Alías, Joan Claudi Socoró: Reliability in ICA-Based Text Classification. 1213-1220
Guillaume Patanchon, Jacques Delabrouille, Jean-François Cardoso: Source Separation on Astrophysical Data Sets from the WMAP Satellite. 1221-1228
Francisco Castells, Cibeles Mora, José Millet, José Joaquín Rieta, César Sánchez, Juan Manuel Sanchis: Multidimensional ICA for the Separation of Atrial and Ventricular Activities from Single Lead ECGs in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Episodes. 1229-1236
E. S. Gopi, R. Lakshmi, R. Narasimha, S. M. Shereen Farzana: Music Indexing Using Independent Component Analysis with Pseudo-generated Sources. 1237-1244
Invited Contributions
Mark D. Plumbley: Lie Group Methods for Optimization with Orthogonality Constraints. 1245-1252
Hyun-Jin Park, Te-Won Lee: A Hierarchical ICA Method for Unsupervised Learning of Nonlinear Dependencies in Natural Images. 1253-1261



