12. IJCAI 1991: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

John Mylopoulos, Raymond Reiter (Eds.): Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Sydney, Australia, August 24-30, 1991. Morgan Kaufmann, 1991

VOLUME 1

Architectures & Languages

Knowledge Base Management

G. Ravi Prakash, Eswaran Subrahmanian, Hosaker N. Mahabala: A Methodology for Systematic Verification of OPS5-Based AI Applications. 3-8
Loren G. Terveen, David A. Wroblewski, Steven N. Tighe: Intelligent Assistance through Collaborative Manipulation. 9-14
Keith Decker, Alan Garvey, Marty Humphrey, Victor R. Lesser: Effects of Parallelism on Blackboard System Scheduling. 15-21
Rick Evertsz: The Automated Analysis of Rule-based Systems, Based on their Procedural Semantics. 22-29

Connectioonist & Parallel Rule Systems

Tony Plate: Holographic Reduced Representations: Convolution Algebra for Compositional Distributed Representations. 30-35
Andrea Sohn, Jean-Luc Gaudiot: A Macro Actor/Token Implementation of Production Systems on a Data-Mow Multiprocessor. 36-41
Steve Kuo, Dan I. Moldovan: Performance Comparison of Models for Multiple Rule Firing. 42-47
Ian N. Robinson: On Supporting Associative Access and Processing over Dynamic Knowledge Bases. 48-55

Distributed AI I

Sarit Kraus, Jonathan Wilkenfeld: Negotiations Over Time in a Multi-Agent Environment: Preliminary Report. 56-61
Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz, Edmund H. Durfee, David K. Wehe: A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Coordinating Multi-agent Interactions. 62-68
Munindar P. Singh: Towards a Formal Theory of Communication for Multi-agent Systems. 69-74

Distributed AI II

Hideyuki Nakashima, Stanley Peters, Hinrich Schütze: Communication and Inference through Situations. 75-81
David Kinny, Michael P. Georgeff: Commitment and Effectiveness of Situated Agents. 82-88
Takashi Nishiyama, Osamu Katai, Sosuke Iwai, Tetsuo Sawaragi, Hiroshi Masuichi: Generating Integrated Interpretation of Partial Information Based on Distributed Qualitative Reasoning. 89-98

Automated Reasoning

Theorem Proving I

Michael Fisher: A Resolution Method for Temporal Logic. 99-104
Thomas Guckenbiehl: Formalizing and Using Persistency. 105-110
Fausto Giunchiglia, Paolo Traverso: Reflective Reasoning with and between a Declarative Metatheory and the Implementation Code. 111-117
Nachum Dershowitz: Ordering-Based Strategies for Horn Clauses. 118-125

Theorem Proving II

Toni Bollinger: A Model Elimination Calculus for Generalized Clauses. 126-131
Elmar Eder: Consolution and its Relation with Resolution. 132-136
Manfred Kerber: How to Prove Higher Order Theorems in First Order Logic. 137-142
Hitoshi Iba, Hirochika Inoue: Reasoning of Geometric Concepts based on Algebraic Constraint-directed Method. 143-151

Theorem Proving III

Robert Demolombe, Luis Fariñas del Cerro: An Inference Rule for Hypothesis Generation. 152-157
Katsumi Inoue: Consequence-Finding Based on Ordered Linear Resolution. 158-164
Christoph Lingenfelder, Axel Präcklein: Proof Transformation with Built-in Equality Predicate. 165-171

Search I

Colin J. H. McDiarmid, Gregory M. Provan: An Expected-Cost Analysis of Backtracking and Non-Backtracking Algorithms. 172-177
Anup K. Sen, Amitava Bagchi, Bani K. Sinha: Admissible Search Methods for Minimum Penalty Sequencing of Jobs with Setup Times on One and Two Machines. 178-183
Anna Bramanti-Gregor, Henry W. Davis: Learning Admissible Heuristics while Solving Problems. 184-191

Search II

Reza Shams, Hermann Kaindl, Helmut Horacek: Using Aspiration Windows for Minimax Algorithms. 192-197
Stephen V. Chenoweth, Henry W. Davis: High-Performance A\ast Search Using Rapidly Growing Heuristics. 198-203
Toru Ishida, Richard E. Korf: Moving Target Search. 204-211

Planning I

Stuart J. Russell, Shlomo Zilberstein: Composing Real-Time Systems. 212-217
Eric Biefeld, Lynne Cooper: Bottleneck Identification Using Process Chronologies. 218-224
Gilad Zlotkin, Jeffrey S. Rosenschein: Incomplete Information and Deception in Multi-Agent Negotiation. 225-231
Marta Franová, Yves Kodratoff: Solving "How to Clear a Block" with Constructive Matching Methodology. 232-239

Planning II

Edwin P. D. Pednault: Generalizing Nonlinear Planning to Handle Complex Goals and Actions with Context-Dependent Effects. 240-245
Jens Christensen, Adam J. Grove: A Formal Model for Classical Planning. 246-251
Amy L. Lansky: Localized Search for Multiagent Planning. 252-258
Steven Minton, John L. Bresina, Mark Drummond: Commitment Strategies in Planning: A Comparative Analysis. 259-267

Planning III

Christer Bäckström, Inger Klein: Parallel Non-Binary Planning in Polynomial Time. 268-273
Tom Bylander: Complexity Results for Planning. 274-279
Dekang Lin, Randy Goebel: A Message Passing Algorithm for Plan Recognition. 280-285
Fahiem Bacchus, Qiang Yang: The Downward Refinement Property. 286-293

Reason Maintenance

Jean Christophe Madre, Olivier Coudert: A Logically Complete Reasoning Maintenance System Based on a Logical Constraint Solver. 294-299
Jérôme Euzenat: Contexts for Nonmonotonic RMSes. 300-305
Xianchang Wang, Huowang Chen: On Semantics of TMS. 306-309
Ulrich Junker: Prioritized Defaults: Implementation by TMS and Application to Diagnosis. 310-317

Constraint Satisfaction

Zeev Collin, Rina Dechter, Shmuel Katz: On the Feasibility of Distributed Constraint Satisfaction. 318-324
Yves Deville, Pascal Van Hentenryck: An Efficient Arc Consistency Algorithm for a Class of CSP Problems. 325-330
Peter Cheeseman, Bob Kanefsky, William M. Taylor: Where the Really Hard Problems Are. 331-340

Cognitive Modeling

Cognitive Modeling 1

Jacobijn Sandberg, Bob J. Wielinga: How Situated is Cognition? 341-346
Katia P. Sycara, Dundee Navinchandra: Index Transformation Techniques for Facilitating Creative Use of Multiple Cases. 347-352
Gregg Collins, Lawrence Birnbaum, Bruce Krulwich, Michael Freed: Plan Debugging in an Intentional System. 353-359

Cognitive Modeling 2

N. Hari Narayanan, B. Chandrasekaran: Reasoning Visually about Spatial Interactions. 360-365
Akira Shimaya, Isamu Yoroizawa: A Cognitive Model of Figure Segregation. 366-372
Wai K. Yeap, Margaret E. Jefferies, P. S. Naylor: An MFIS for Computing a Raw Cognitive Map. 373-380

Knowledge Representation

Nonmonotonic Reasoning - Modal Logics

Vladimir Lifschitz: Nonmonotonic Databases and Epistemic Queries. 381-386
Nicholas Asher, Michael Morreau: Commonsense Entailment: A Modal Tneory of Non-monotonic Reasoning. 387-392
Miroslaw Truszczynski: Modal Interpretations of Default Logic. 393-398
Ilkka Niemelä: Constructive Tightly Grounded Autoepistemic Reasoning. 399-405

Nonmonotonic Reasoning - Conditional Logics

Hirofumi Katsuno, Ken Satoh: A Unified View of Consequence Relation, Belief Revision and Conditional Logic. 406-412
Craig Boutilier: Inaccessible Worlds and Irrelevance: Preliminary Report. 413-418
Didier Dubois, Henri Prade: Possibilistic Logic, Preferential Models, Non-monotonicity and Related Issues. 419-425

Nonmonotonic Reasoning - Circumscrition

Nicolas Helft, Katsumi Inoue, David Poole: Query Answering in Circumscription. 426-431
Yves Moinard, Raymond Rolland: Circumscription and Definability. 432-437
Zhaogang Qian, Keki B. Irani: Circumscribing Defaults. 438-445

Concept Languages

Franz Baader: Augmenting Concept Languages by Transitive Closure of Roles: An Alternative to Terminological Cycles. 446-451
Franz Baader, Philipp Hanschke: A Scheme for Integrating Concrete Domains into Concept Languages. 452-457
Francesco M. Donini, Maurizio Lenzerini, Daniele Nardi, Werner Nutt: Tractable Concept Languages. 458-465

Concept Languages, Inheritance Reasoning

Klaus Schild: A Correspondence Theory for Terminological Logics: Preliminary Report. 466-471
John Yen: Generalizing Term Subsumption Languages to Fuzzy Logic. 472-477
David S. Touretzky, Richmond H. Thomason, John F. Horty: A Skeptic's Menagerie: Conflictors, Preemptors, Reinstaters, and Zombies in Nonrnonotonic Inheritance. 478-485

Belief

Sukhamay Kundu: A New Logic of Beliefs: Monotonic and Non-Monotonic Beliefs - Part 1. 486-491
Gerhard Lakemeyer: A Model of Decidable Introspective Reasoning with Quantifying-In. 492-497
Anand S. Rao, Michael P. Georgeff: Asymmetry Thesis and Side-Effect Problems in Linear-Time and Branching-Time Intention Logics. 498-505

Topics in Knowledge Representation

Periklis Belegrinos, Michael P. Georgeff: A Model of Events and Processes. 506-511
Hans Jürgen Ohlbach, Andreas Herzig: Parameter Structures for Parametrized Modal Operators. 512-517
Russell Greiner, Charles Elkan: Measuring and Improving the Effectiveness of Representations. 518-524
Gadi Pinkas: Propositional Non-Monotonic Reasoning and Inconsistency in Symrnetric Neural Networks. 525-531

Reasoning with Inconsistency

Walter Alexandre Carnielli, Luis Fariñas del Cerro, Mamede Lima-Marques: Contextual Negations and Reasoning with Contradictions. 532-537
Gerd Wagner: Ex contradictione nihil sequitur. 538-546

Panels

Robert Levinson, Feng-hsiung Hsu, T. Anthony Marsland, Jonathan Schaeffer, David E. Wilkins: The Role of Chess in Artificial Intelligence Research. 547-552
James A. Hendler, Daniel G. Bobrow, Les Gasser, Carl Hewitt, Marvin Minsky: Multiple Approaches to Multiple Agent Problem Solving. 553-554
Andrew Jennings, Adam E. Irgon, Akira Kurematsu, Greg Vessonder, Jon R. Wright: AI in Telecommunications. 555-556
Hiroaki Kitano, James A. Hendler, Tetsuya Higuchi, Dan I. Moldovan, David L. Waltz: Massively Parallel Artificial Intelligence. 557-562
Saul Amarel, Alvin M. Despain, H. Penny Nii, Louis I. Steinberg, Marty Tenenbaum, Peter M. Will: AI and Design. 563-568

Awards and Invited Papers

Rodney A. Brooks: Intelligence Without Reason. 569-595
Robert A. Kowalski: Logic Programing in Artificial Intelligence. 596-604

VOLUME 2

Learning & Knowledge Acquisition

Explanation-based Learning

Christer Samuelsson, Manny Rayner: Quantitative Evaluation of Explanation-Based Learning as an Optimisation Tool for a Large-Scale Natural Language System. 609-615
Prasad Tadepalli: A Formalization of Explanation-Based Macro-operator Learning. 616-622
Masayuki Yamamura, Shigenobu Kobayashi: An Augmented EBL and its Application to the Utility Problem. 623-629
Jungsoon P. Yoo, Douglas H. Fisher: Concept Formation over Explanations and Problem-Solving Experience. 630-637

Classifiers/Genetic Algorithms

Wray L. Buntine: Classifiers: A Theoretical and Empirical Study. 638-644
James D. Kelly Jr., Lawrence Davis: A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Classification. 645-650
Kenneth A. De Jong, William M. Spears: Learning Concept Classification Rules Using Genetic Algorithms. 651-657

Classification & Generalization

Floriana Esposito, Donato Malerba, Giovanni Semeraro: Flexible Matching for Noisy Structural Descriptions. 658-664
Haym Hirsh: Theoretical Underpinnings of Version Spaces. 665-670
Jacques Nicolas: Empirical Bias for Version Space. 671-677

Inductive Learning I

Sholom M. Weiss, Nitin Indurkhya: Reduced Complexity Rule Induction. 678-684
Alen Varsek: Qualitative Model Evolution. 1311-1316
Céline Rouveirol: Semantic Model for Induction of First Order Theories. 685-691

Inductive Learning II

Robin Hanson, John Stutz, Peter Cheeseman: Bayesian Classification with Correlation and Inheritance. 692-698
Der-Shung Yang, Larry A. Rendell, Gunnar Blix: A Scheme for Feature Construction and a Comparison of Empirical Methods. 699-704
Steven Salzberg, Arthur L. Delcher, David G. Heath, Simon Kasif: Learning with a Helpful Teacher. 705-711
Stefan Wrobel: Towards a Model of Grounded Concept Formation. 712-719

Inductive Learning III

Armand Prieditis: Machine Discovery of Effective Admissible Heuristics. 720-725
David Chapman, Leslie Pack Kaelbling: Input Generalization in Delayed Reinforcement Learning: An Algorithm and Performance Comparisons. 726-731
Wayne Iba: Learning to Classify Observed Motor Behavior. 732-738
Peter C.-H. Cheng: Modelling Experiments in Scientific Discovery. 739-745

Inductive Logic Programming

J. Ross Quinlan: Determinate Literals in Inductive Logic Programming. 746-750
Charles X. Ling: Inductive Learning from Good Examples. 751-756
Marc Kirschenbaum, Leon Sterling: Refinement Strategies for Inductive Leaming of Simple Prolog Programs. 757-763

Concept Formation

Jason Catlett: Overprvning Large Decision Trees. 764-769
Larry Watanabe, Larry A. Rendell: Learning Structural Decision Trees from Examples. 770-776
David G. Heath, Simon Kasif, S. Rao Kosaraju, Steven Salzberg, Gregory F. Sullivan: Learning Nested Concept Classes with Limited Storage. 777-782
Achim G. Hoffmann, Sunil Thakar: Acquiring Knowledge by Efficient Query Learning. 783-789

Case-based Learning

Diane J. Cook: The Base Selection Task in Analogical Planning. 790-795
Scott Fertig, David Gelernter: FGP: A Virtual Machine for Acquiring Knowledge from Cases. 796-802
James P. Callan, Tom Fawcett, Edwina L. Rissland: CABOT: An Adaptive Approach to Case-Based Search. 803-809

Knowledge Acquisition

Kathleen B. McKusick, Pat Langley: Constraints on Tree Structure in Concept Formation. 810-816
Brian R. Gaines: An Interactive Visual Language for Term Subsumption Languages. 817-823
Matthias Gutknecht, Rolf Pfeifer, Markus Stolze: Cooperative Hybrid Systems. 824-831

Connectionist Models

Warren R. Becraft, Peter L. Lee, Robert B. Newell: Integration of Neural Networks and Expert Systems for Process Fault Diagnosis. 832-837
Rangachari Anand, Kishan Mehrotra, Chilukuri K. Mohan, Sanjay Ranka: Analyzing Images Containing Multiple Sparse Patterns with Neural Networks. 838-843
Harish Ragavan, Selwyn Piramuthu: The Utility of Feature Construcuon for Back-Propagation. 844-850

Logic Programming

Logic Programming I

Sieger van Denneheuvel, Karen L. Kwast: Weak Equivalence for Constraint Sets. 851-856
Chilukuri K. Mohan: Fitting Semantics for Conditional Term Rewriting. 857-862
Luís Moniz Pereira, Joaquim Nunes Aparício, José Júlio Alferes: Derivation Procedures for Extended Stable Models. 863-869

Logic Programming II

Mike Brayshaw: An Architecture for Visualizing the Execution of Parallel Logic Programs. 870-876
Kang Zhang, Ray Thomas: A Non-shared Binding Scheme for Parallel Prolog Implementation. 877-883

Logic Programming III

Kienchung Kuo: Programming in Autoepistemic Logic. 884-889
L. Thorne McCarty, Ron van der Meyden: Indefinite Reasoning with Definite Rules. 890-896
Karen L. Kwast: The Incomplete Database. 897-902
Mark Wallace: Compiling Integrity Checking into Update Procedures. 903-910

Natural Language

Natural Language Processing

Hiroaki Kitano, Dan I. Moldovan, Seungho Cha: High Performance Natural Language Processing on Semantic Network Array Processor. 911-917
Hiroaki Kitano, Tetsuya Higuchi: Massively Parallel Memory-Based Parsing. 918-924
Esther König: Incremental Syntactic and Semantic Processing. 925-930
Gregor Erbach: An Environment for Experimentation with Parsing Strategies. 931-937

Pragmatics

Peter van Beek, Robin Cohen: Resolving Plan Ambiguity for Cooperative Response Generation. 938-944
Yorick Wilks, John A. Barnden, Jin Wang: Your Metaphor or Mine: Belief Ascription and Metaphor Interpretation. 945-950
Philip R. Cohen, Hector J. Levesque: Confirmations and Joint Action. 951-959

Natural Language Systems

Marie Meteer, Richard M. Schwartz, Ralph M. Weischedel: POST: Using Probabilities in Language Processing. 960-965
John A. Bateman, Christian Matthiessen, Keizo Nanri, Licheng Zeng: The Re-use of Linguistic Resources across Languages in Multilingual Generation Components. 966-971
Oliviero Stock: Natural Language and Exploration of an Information Space: The ALFresco Interactive System. 972-978
Paolo Baggia, Elisabetta Gerbino, Egidio P. Giachin, Claudio Rullent: Efficient Representation of Linguistic Knowledge for Continuous Speech Understanding. 979-985

Representation and Semantics

Padraig Cunningham, Tony Veale: Organizational Issues Arising from the Integration of the Lexicon and Concept Network in a Text Understanding System. 986-991
Mark Johnson: Logic and Feature Structures. 992-996
Liliana Ardissono, Leonardo Lesmo, Paolo Pogliano, Paolo Terenziani: Interpretation of Definite Noun Phrases. 997-1002
Stephan Busemann: Using Pattern-Action Rules for the Generation of GPSG Structures from MT-Oriented Semantics. 1003-1011

Parsing and Morphology

Tsunenori Mine, Rin-ichiro Taniguchi, Makoto Amamiya: Coordinated Morphological and Syntactic Analysis of Japanese Language. 1012-1017
Liang-Jyh Wang, Tzusheng Pei, Wei-Chuan Li, Lih-Ching R. Huang: A Parsing Method for Identifying Words in Mandarin Chinese Sentences. 1018-1023
Harald Trost: X2MORF: A Morphological Component Based on Augmented Two-Level Morphology. 1024-1030
Venu Dasigi: Parsing = Parsimonious Covering? (Abduction in Logical Form Generation). 1031-1038

Philosophical Foundations

Philosophical Foundations I

Francis Jeffry Pelletier: The Philosophy of Automated Theorem Proving. 1039-1045
Raymond E. Jennings, Christine W. Chan, M. J. Dowad: Generalised Inference and Inferential Modelling. 1046-1051
John K. Slaney: The Implications of Paraconsistency. 1052-1059

Philosophical Foundations II

David J. Israel, John Perry, Syun Tutiya: Actions and Movements. 1060-1065
Selmer Bringsjord, Michael Zenzen: In Defense of Hyper-Logicist AI. 1066-1072
Francesco Bergadano: The Problem of Induction and Machine Learning. 1073-1080

Principles of AI Applications

Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Dinesh Gadwal, Jim E. Greer, Gordon I. McCalla: UMRAO: A Chess Endgame Tutor. 1081-1086
Luigia Carlucci Aiello, Maria Cialdea, Daniele Nardi: Reasoning about Student Knowledge and Reasoning. 1087-1093
Tak-Wai Chan: Integration-Kid: A Learning Companion System. 1094-1099
William R. Murray: An Endorsement-based Approach to Student Modeling for Planner-controlled Tutors. 1100-1108

Qualitative Reasoning

Diagnosis

Philippe Dague, Olivier Jehl, Philippe Deves, Pierre Luciani, Patrick Taillibert: When Oscillators Stop Oscillating. 1109-1115
Gerhard Friedrich, Franz Lackinger: Diagnosing Temporal Misbehavior. 1116-1122
Franz Lackinger, Wolfgang Nejdl: Integrating Model-Based Monitoring and Diagnosis of Complex Dynamic Systems. 1123-1128
David Poole: Representing Diagnostic Knowledge for Probabilistic Horn Abduction. 1129-1137

Qualitative Modeling

Erling A. Woods: The Hybrid Phenomena Theory. 1138-1143
Feng Zhao: Extracting and Representing Qualitative Behaviors of Complex Systems in Phase Spaces. 1144-1149
Toyoaki Nishida, Shuji Doshita: A Geometric Approach to Total Envisioning. 1150-1157

Qualitative Modeling, Temporal Reasoning

Ulf Söderman, Jan-Erik Strömberg: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Knowledge to Generate Models of Physical Systems. 1158-1163
Rina Dechter, Judea Pearl: Directed Constraint Networks: A Relational Framework for Causal Modeling. 1164-1170
Jan L. Top, Hans Akkermans: Computational and Physical Causality. 1171-1176
Antony Galton: Reified Temporal Theories and How to Unreify Them. 1177-1183

Reasoning under Uncertainty I

Yen-Teh Hsia: Characterizing Belief with Minimum Commitment. 1184-1189
Rudolf Kruse, Erhard Schwecke, Frank Klawonn: On a Tool for Reasoning with Mass Distributions. 1190-1195
Henry E. Kyburg Jr.: Evidential Probability. 1196-1203

Reasoning under Uncertainty II

S. K. Michael Wong, Pawan Lingras, Yiyu Yao: Propagation of Preference Relations in Qualitative Inference Networks. 1204-1209
Wilson X. Wen, Andrew Jennings: Parallel Distributed Belief Networks That Learn. 1210-1218

Robotics

Architectures

Luc Steels: Emergent Frame Recognition and Its Use in Artificial Creatures. 1219-1224
R. Peter Bonasso: Integrating Reaction Plans and Layered Competences Through Synchronous Control. 1225-1233

Navigation

Stephen F. Peters, Shigeoki Hirai, Toru Omata, Tomomasa Sato: Planning Robot Control Parameter Values with Qualitative Reasoning. 1234-1240
Patrick Stelmaszyk, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Saburo Tsuji: Mobile Robot Navigation by an Active Control of the Vision System. 1241-1246
Matthew Barth, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Saburo Tsuji: Determining Robot Egomotion from Motion Parallax Observed by an Active Camera. 1247-1256

Vision

Object Recognition

Yerucham Shapira, Shimon Ullman: A Pictorial Approach to Object Classification. 1257-1263
Thomas M. Strat, Martin A. Fischler: Natural Object Recognition: A Theoretical Framework and Its Implementation. 1264-1270
John R. Kender, Rick Kjeldsen: On Seeing Spaghetti: A Novel Self-Adjusting Seven Parameter Hough Space for Analyzing Flexible Extruded Objects. 1271-1277
Roberto Brunelli, Tomaso Poggio: HyperBF Networks for Real Object Recognition. 1278-1285

Interpretation

Michel Audette, Paul R. Cohen, Juyang Weng: Shading-Based Two-View Matching. 1286-1291
Pascal Fua: Combining Stereo and Monocular Information to Compute Dense Depth Maps that Preserve Depth Discontinuities. 1292-1298
R. Mike Cameron-Jones: Visual Interpretation of Lambertian Surface Deformation. 1299-1304
Terry Regier: Line Labeling and Junction Labeling: A Coupled System for Image Interpretation. 1305-1310