HLT 1991: Pacific Grove, California, USA

• Patti Price:
  Overview of the Fourth DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop.
  

Session 1: Speech and Natural Language Efforts in the U. S. and Abroad

• Mark Liberman, Patti Price:
  Session 1: Speech and Natural Language Efforts in the U. S. and Abroad.
  
• Lou Boves:
  The ESPRIT Project POLYGLOT.
  
• Rolf Carlson:
  Some Notes about Research and Development at KTH.
  
• Jeremy Peckham:
  Speech Understanding and Dialogue over the telephone: an overview of the ESPRIT SUNDIAL project.
  
• Susan Warwick-Armstrong:
  Machine Translation in Europe.
  
• ESPRIT, the European Strategic Programme for Research and Development in Information Technology.
  

Session 2: DARPA Resource Management and ATIS Benchmark Test Poster Session

• David S. Pallett:
  Session 2: DARPA Resource Management and ATIS Benchmark Test Poster Session.
  
• James Baker, Janet Baker, Pard Bamberg, Larry Gillick, Lori Lamel, Robert Roth, Francesco Scattone, Dean Sturtevant, Ousmane Ba, Richard Benedict:
  DRAGON Systems Resource Management Benchmark Results February 1991.
  
• Douglas B. Paul:
  New Results with the Lincoln Tied-Mixture HMM CSR System.
  
• Michael S. Phillips, James R. Glass, Victor Zue:
  Modelling Context Dependency in Acoustic-Phonetic and Lexical Representations.
  
• Francis Kubala, Steve Austin, Chris Barry, John Makhoul, P. Placeway, Richard M. Schwartz:
  BYBLOS Speech Recognition Benchmark Results.
  
• Mari Ostendorf, A. Kannan, Steve Austin, Owen Kimball, Richard M. Schwartz, Jan Robin Rohlicek:
  Integration of Diverse Recognition Methodologies Through Reevaluation of N-Best Sentence Hypotheses.
  
• Stephanie Seneff, James R. Glass, David Goddeau, David Goodine, Lynette Hirschman, Hong C. Leung, Michael S. Phillips, Joseph Polifroni, Victor Zue:
  Development and Preliminary Evaluation of the MIT ATIS System.
  
• Hy Murveit, John Butzberger, Mitch Weintraub:
  Speech Recognition in SRI's Resource Management and ATIS Systems.
  
• Wayne H. Ward:
  Evaluation of the CMU ATIS System.
  
• Sheryl R. Young:
  Using Semantics to Correct Parser Output for ATIS Utterances.
  
• Steve Austin, Damaris M. Ayuso, Madeleine Bates, Robert J. Bobrow, Robert Ingria, John Makhoul, P. Placeway, Richard M. Schwartz, David Stallard:
  BBN HARC and DELPHI Results on the ATIS Benchmarks - February 1991.
  
• Douglas D. O'Shaughnessy:
  A Textual processor to handle ATIS queries.
  
• Roberto Pieraccini, Esther Levin, Chin-Hui Lee:
  Stochastic Representation of Conceptual Structure in the ATIS Task.
  
• Lewis M. Norton, Marcia C. Linebarger, Deborah A. Dahl, Nghi Nguyen:
  Augmented Role Filling Capabilities for Semantic Interpretation of Spoken Language.
  
• Evelyne Tzoukermann:
  The Use of a Commercial Natural Language Interface in the ATIS Task.
  

Session 3: Machine Translation

• Jaime G. Carbonell:
  Session 3: Machine Translation.
  
• Jerry R. Hobbs, Megumi Kameyama:
  Machine Translation Using Abductive Inference.
  
• Peter F. Brown, Stephen Della Pietra, Vincent J. Della Pietra, Robert L. Mercer:
  A Statistical Approach to Sense Disambiguation in Machine Translation.
  
• William A. Gale, Kenneth Ward Church:
  Identifying Word Correspondences in Parallel Texts.
  

Session 4: Speech I

• Richard F. Lyon:
  Session 4: Speech I.
  
• Christian Gagnoulet, Christel Sorin:
  Field Test Evaluations and Optimization of Speaker Independent Speech Recognition for Telephone Applications.
  
• Judith Spitz:
  Collection and Analysis of Data from Real Users: Implications for Speech Recognition/Understanding Systems.
  
• J. L. Flanagan, Richard J. Mammone, Gary W. Elko:
  Autodirective Microphone Systems for Natural Communication with Speech Recognizers.
  
• Helen M. Meng, Victor Zue, Hong C. Leung:
  Signal Representation Attribute Extraction and the Use Distinctive Features for Phonetic Classification.
  

Session 5: Natural Language I

• James F. Allen:
  Session 5: Natural Language I.
  
• Robert J. Bobrow, Robert Ingria, David Stallard:
  The Mapping Unit Approach to Subcategorization.
  
• Eric Jackson, Douglas E. Appelt, John Bear, Robert C. Moore, Ann Podlozny:
  A Template Matcher for Robust NL Interpretation.
  
• Aravind K. Joshi, Yves Schabes:
  Fixed and Flexible Phrase Structure: Coordination in Tree Adjoining Grammars.
  
• Robert C. Moore, John Dowding:
  Efficient Bottom-Up Parsing.
  
• Ralph M. Weischedel, Damaris M. Ayuso, Robert J. Bobrow, Sean Boisen, Robert Ingria, Jeff Palmucci:
  Partial Parsing: A Report on Work in Progress.
  

Session 6: Demonstrations and Videotapes of Speech and Natural Language Technologies

• Mari Ostendorf:
  Session 6: Demonstrations and Videotapes of Speech and Natural Language Technologies.
  
• Richard F. Lyon:
  Analog Implementations of Auditory Models.
  
• Madeleine Bates, Dan Ellard, Pat Peterson, Varda Shaked:
  Using Spoken Language to Facilitate Military Transportation Planning.
  

Session 7: Natural Language II

• Salim Roukos:
  Session 7: Natural Language II.
  
• Robert J. Bobrow:
  Statistical Agenda Parsing.
  
• Renato de Mori, Roland Kuhn:
  Some Results on Stochastic Language Modelling.
  
• David M. Magerman, Mitchell P. Marcus:
  Parsing the Voyager Domain Using Pearl.
  
• Fred Kochman, Joseph Kupin:
  Calculating the Probability of a Partial Parse of a Sentence.
  
• Julian Kupiec:
  A Trellis-Based Algorithm For Estimating The Parameters Of Hidden Stochastic Context-Free Grammar.
  

Session 8: Speech II

• Kai-Fu Lee:
  Session 8: Speech II.
  
• Steve Austin, John Makhoul, Richard M. Schwartz, George Zavaliagkos:
  Continuous Speech Recognition Using Segmental Neural Nets.
  
• Vassilios Digalakis, Jan Robin Rohlicek, Mari Ostendorf:
  A Dynamical System Approach to Continuous Speech Recognition.
  
• Hsiao-Wuen Hon, Kai-Fu Lee:
  Recent Progress in Robust Vocabulary-Independent Speech Recognition.
  
• L. R. Bahl, Peter V. de Souza, P. S. Gopalakrishnan, David Nahamoo, Michael Picheny:
  Context Dependent Modeling of Phones in Continuous Speech Using Decision Trees.
  

Session 9: Speech III

• Francis Kubala:
  Session 9: Speech III.
  
• Jean-Luc Gauvain, Chin-Hui Lee:
  Bayesian Learning of Gaussian Mixture Densities for Hidden Markov Models.
  
• Xuedong Huang:
  A Study on Speaker-Adaptive Speech Recognition.
  
• Douglas B. Paul:
  Experience with a Stack Decoder-Based HMM CSR and Back-Off N-Gram Language Models.
  
• Michael Riley, Andrej Ljolje:
  Lexical Access with a Statistically-Derived Phonetic Network.
  
• Frederick Jelinek, Bernard Mérialdo, Salim Roukos, M. Strauss:
  A Dynamic Language Model for Speech Recognition.
  

Session 10: Corpora and Evaluation

• Clifford J. Weinstein:
  Session 10: Corpora and Evaluation.
  
• Beth Sundheim:
  Third Message Understanding Evaluation and Conference (MUC-3): Phase 1 Status Report.
  
• Ezra Black, Steven P. Abney, D. Flickenger, Claudia Gdaniec, Ralph Grishman, P. Harrison, Donald Hindle, Robert Ingria, Frederick Jelinek, Judith L. Klavans, Mark Liberman, Mitchell P. Marcus, Salim Roukos, Beatrice Santorini, Tomek Strzalkowski:
  A Procedure for Quantitatively Comparing the Syntactic Coverage of English Grammars.
  
• David D. Lewis:
  Evaluating Text Categorization I.
  
• Madeleine Bates, Damaris M. Ayuso:
  A Proposal for Incremental Dialogue Evaluation.
  

Session 11 - Natural Language III

• Mitchell P. Marcus:
  Session 11 - Natural Language III.
  
• James F. Allen:
  Discourse Structure in the TRAINS Project.
  
• Marie Meteer, Richard M. Schwartz, Ralph M. Weischedel:
  Studies in Part of Speech Labelling.
  
• Paul S. Jacobs, George R. Krupka, Lisa F. Rau:
  Lexico-Semantic Pattern Matching as a Companion to Parsing in Text Understanding.
  
• Michael R. Brent, Robert C. Berwick:
  Automatic Acquisition of Subcategorization Frames from Tagged Text.
  
• Tomek Strzalkowski, Barbara Vauthey:
  Fast Text Processing for Information Retrieval.
  

Session 12: SLS and Prosody

• Edward P. Neuburg:
  Session 12: SLS and PROSODY.
  
• Stephanie Seneff, Lynette Hirschman, Victor Zue:
  Interactive Problem Solving and Dialogue in the ATIS Domain.
  
• Joseph Polifroni, Stephanie Seneff, Victor Zue:
  Collection of Spontaneous Speech for the ATIS Domain and Comparative Analyses of Data Collected at MIT and TI.
  
• Lynette Hirschman, Stephanie Seneff, David Goodine, Michael S. Phillips:
  Integrating Syntax and Semantics into Spoken Language Understanding.
  
• Patti Price, Mari Ostendorf, Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel, Cynthia Fong:
  The Use of Prosody in Syntactic Disambiguation.
  
• Michelle Q. Wang, Julia Hirschberg:
  Predicting Intonational Boundaries Automatically from Text: The ATIS Domain.
  
• C. W. Wightman, N. M. Veilleuz, Mari Ostendorf:
  Use of Prosody in Syntactic Disambiguation: An Analysis-by-Synthesis Approach.
  

Additional Papers

• The Consortium for Lexical Research.
  
• George A. Miller, Daniel A. Teibel:
  A Proposal for Lexical Disambiguation.
  

Site Reports

• Charles L. Wayne:
  A Snapshot of two DARPA Speech and Natural Language Programs.
  
• Ralph M. Weischedel:
  Adaptive Natural Language Processing.
  
• John Makhoul, Richard M. Schwartz:
  Research in Continuous Speech Recognition.
  
• John Makhoul:
  Spoken Language Systems.
  
• Mari Ostendorf, Patti Price:
  Evaluating the Use of Prosodic Information in Speech Recognition and Understanding.
  
• Mari Ostendorf, Jan Robin Rohlicek:
  Segment-Based Acoustic Models with Multi-level Search Algorithms for Continuous Speech Recognition.
  
• Harvey F. Silverman:
  Microphone-Array Systems for Speech Recognition Input.
  
• Raj Reddy:
  Spoken-Language Research at Carnegie Mellon.
  
• Roberto Bisiani:
  The PLUS Accelerator.
  
• Kathleen McKeown, Steven Feiner:
  Interactive Multimedia Explanation for Equipment Maintenance and Repair.
  
• Janet Baker, Larry Gillick:
  Progress Report for DARPA SLS Program at DRAGON Systems, Inc.
  
• John Shore:
  Portable Software Modules for Speech Recognition (Phase I SBIR grant from DARPA).
  
• Victor Zue, Lynette Hirschman:
  Spoken Language Recognition and Understanding.
  
• Clifford J. Weinstein, Douglas B. Paul:
  Robust Speech Recognition Technology Program Summary.
  
• David S. Pallett:
  NIST-DARPA Interagency Agreement: SLS Program.
  
• Beth Sundheim:
  Evaluating Text Understanding Systems.
  
• Yorick Wilks:
  Active Knowledge Structures in Natural Language Understanding.
  
• Ralph Grishman:
  Robust and Portable Text Processing.
  
• George Zweig:
  A Robust Preprocessor for Speech-Recognition Systems.
  
• Jared Bernstein:
  Corpus Collection for ATIS.
  
• Hy Murveit, Mitch Weintraub:
  Real-Time Speech Recognition System.
  
• Patti Price, Robert C. Moore:
  SRI's Real-Time Spoken Language System.
  
• Jerry R. Hobbs:
  TACITUS: The Abductive Commonsense Inference-based Text Understanding System.
  
• Deborah A. Dahl:
  Linguistic Knowledge Sources for Spoken Language Understanding.
  
• Robert Wilensky:
  Language Processing and Commonsense Reasoning.
  
• Aravind K. Joshi, Mitchell P. Marcus, Mark Steedman, Bonnie L. Webber:
  Natural Language Research.
  
• Mitchell P. Marcus:
  Very Large Annotated Database of American English.
  
• James F. Allen, Lenhart K. Schubert:
  Natural Language, Knowledge Representation and Discourse.
  
• Eduard H. Hovy:
  The Penman Natural Language Project Systemics-Based Machine Translation.