HLT 1994: Plainsboro, New Jerey, USA

• Clifford J. Weinstein:
  Overview of the 1994 ARPA Human Language Technology Workshop.
  

Session 1: Lexicons, Corpora, and Evaluation

• George A. Miller:
  Session 1: Lexicons, Corpora, and Evaluation.
  
• Catherine Macleod, Ralph Grishman, Adam Meyers:
  The Comlex Syntax Project: The First Year.
  
• Mark Liberman:
  Lexicons for Human Language Technology.
  
• David Graft, Rebecca Finc:
  Multilingual Text Resources at the Linguistic Data Consortium.
  
• John J. Godfrey:
  Multilingual Speech Databases at LDC.
  
• Kelsey Taussig, Jared Bernstein:
  MACROPHONE: An American English Telephone Speech Corpus.
  
• Ronald A. Cole, Mike Noel, Daniel C. Burnett, Mark A. Fanty, Terri Lander, Beatrice T. Oshika, Stephen Sutton:
  Corpus Development Activities at the Center for Spoken Language Understanding.
  
• Francis Kubala, Jerome R. Bellegarda, Jordan Cohen, David Pallett, Doug Paul, Mike Phillips, Raja Rajasekaran, Fred Richardson, Michael Riley, Roni Rosenfeld, Bob Roth, Mitch Weintraub:
  The Hub and Spoke Paradigm for CSR Evaluation.
  
• Deborah A. Dahl, Madeleine Bates, Michael Brown, William Fisher, Kate Hunicke-Smith, David Pallett, Christine Pao, Alexander I. Rudnicky, Elizabeth Shriberg:
  Expanding the Scope of the ATIS Task: The ATIS-3 Corpus.
  
• David S. Pallett, Jonathan G. Fiscus, William M. Fisher, John S. Garofolo, Bruce A. Lund, Mark A. Przybocki:
  1993 Benchmark Tests for the ARPA Spoken Language Program.
  

Session 2: Language Modeling

• Xuedong Huang:
  Session 2: Language Modeling.
  
• Ronald Rosenfeld:
  A Hybrid Approach to Adaptive Statistical Language Modeling.
  
• Rukmini Iyer, Mari Ostendorf, Jan Robin Rohlicek:
  Language Modeling with Sentence-Level Mixtures.
  
• Ryosuke Isotani, Shoichi Matsunaga:
  Speech Recognition Using a Stochastic Language Model Integrating Local and Global Constraints.
  
• Richard M. Schwartz, Long Nguyen, Francis Kubala, George Chou, George Zavaliagkos, John Makhoul:
  On Using Written Language Training Data for Spoken Language Modeling.
  

Session 3: Human Language Evaluation

• Lynette Hirschman:
  Session 3: Human Language Evaluation.
  
• Karen Sparck Jones:
  Towards Better NLP System Evaluation.
  
• Chris Brew, Henry S. Thompson:
  Automatic Evaluation of Computer Generated Text: A Progress Report on the TEXTEVAL Project.
  
• Mitchell P. Marcus, Grace Kim, Mary Ann Marcinkiewicz, Robert MacIntyre, Ann Bies, Mark Ferguson, Karen Katz, Britta Schasberger:
  The Penn Treebank: Annotating Predicate Argument Structure.
  
• Ralph Grishman:
  Whither Written Language Evaluation?.
  
• Robert C. Moore:
  Semantic Evaluation for Spoken-Language Systems.
  

Session 4: Machine Translation

• Eduard H. Hovy:
  Session 4: Machine Translation.
  
• John S. White, Theresa A. O'Connell:
  Evaluation in the ARPA Machine Translation Program: 1993 Methodology.
  
• Akitoshi Okumura, Eduard H. Hovy:
  Building Japanese-English Dictionary based on Ontology for Machine Translation.
  
• Sergei Nirenburg, Robert E. Frederking:
  Toward Multi-Engine Machine Translation.
  
• Frank Smadja, Kathleen McKeown:
  Translating Collocations for Use in Bilingual Lexicons.
  
• Adam L. Berger, Peter F. Brown, Stephen Della Pietra, Vincent J. Della Pietra, John R. Gillett, John D. Lafferty, Robert L. Mercer, Harry Printz, Lubos Ures:
  The Candide System for Machine Translation.
  
• Jonathan Yamron, James Cant, Anne Demerits, Taiko Dietzel, Yoshilco Ito:
  The Automatic Component of the LINGSTAT Machine-Aided Translation System.
  

Session 5: Natural Language, Discourse

• Paul S. Jacobs:
  Session 5: Natural Language, Discourse.
  
• Boyan A. Onyshkevych:
  Issues and Methodology for Template Design for Information Extraction.
  
• Jerry R. Hobbs, David J. Israel:
  Principles of Template Design.
  
• Damaris M. Ayuso:
  Pattern Matching in a Linguistically-Motivated Text Understanding System.
  
• Peter A. Heeman, James F. Allen:
  Tagging Speech Repairs.
  
• Scott Prevost, Mark Steedman:
  Information Based Intonation Synthesis.
  

Session 6: Spoken Language Systems

• Madeleine Bates:
  Session 6: Spoken Language Systems.
  
• Victor Zue, Stephanie Seneff, Joseph Polifroni, Michael S. Phillips, Christine Pao, David Goddeau, James R. Glass, Eric Brill:
  PEGASUS: A Spoken Language Interface for On-Line Air Travel Planning I.
  
• Rolf Carlson:
  Recent Developments in the Experimental "WAXHOLM" Dialog System.
  
• Wayne Ward, Sunil Issar:
  Recent Improvements in the CMU Spoken Language Understanding System.
  
• Manny Rayner, David M. Carter, Vassilios Digalakis, Patti Price:
  Combining Knowledge Sources to Reorder N-Best Speech Hypothesis Lists.
  
• Sharon L. Oviatt:
  Predicting and Managing Spoken Disfluencies During Human-Computer Interaction.
  
• Marie Meteer, Jan Robin Rohlicek:
  Integrated Techniques for Phrase Extraction from Speech.
  

Session 7: Demonstrations

• Victor Abrash:
  Session 7: Demonstrations.
  
• Alexander G. Hauptmann, Jack Mostow, Steven F. Roth, Matthew Kane, Adam Swift:
  A Prototype Reading Coach that Listens: Summary of Project LISTEN.
  

Session 8 & 9: Statistical and Learning Methods

• Frederick Jelinek:
  Session 8 & 9: Statistical and Learning Methods.
  
• George A. Miller, Martin Chodorow, Shari Landes, Claudia Leacock, Robert G. Thomas:
  Using a Semantic Concordance for Sense Identification.
  
• Rebecca F. Bruce, Janyce Wiebe:
  A New Approach to Word Sense Disambiguation.
  
• Adwait Ratnaparkhi, Jeffrey C. Reynar, Salim Roukos:
  A Maximum Entropy Model for Prepositional Phrase Attachment.
  
• Eric Brill:
  A Report of Recent Progress in Transformation-Based Error-Driven Learning.
  
• Fernando Pereira, Michael Riley, Richard Sproat:
  Weighted Rational Transductions and their Application to Human Language Processing.
  
• Scott Miller, Heidi Fox:
  Automatic Grammar Acquisition.
  
• Frederick Jelinek, John D. Lafferty, David M. Magerman, Robert L. Mercer, Adwait Ratnaparkhi, Salim Roukos:
  Decision Tree Parsing using a Hidden Derivation Model.
  
• Scott Miller, Richard M. Schwartz, Robert J. Bobrow, Robert Ingria:
  Statistical Language Processing Using Hidden Understanding Models.
  
• Constantine Papageorgiou:
  Japanese Word Segmentation by Hidden Markov Model.
  
• Helen M. Meng, Stephanie Seneff, Victor Zue:
  Phonological Parsing for Bi-directional Letter-to-Sound/Sound-to-Letter Generation.
  

Session 10: Government Panel

• Oscar N. Garcia:
  Session 10: Government Panel.
  
• Calvin Olano:
  One DODer's View of ARPA Spoken Language Directions.
  
• Helen M. Gigley:
  Speech and Human Language Technology at the Naval Research Laboratory.
  
• Melissa Holland:
  Advanced Technologies for Language Learning: Developments at ARI.
  
• Roberto Cencioni, Giovanni B. Varile:
  Language Processing R&D Programmes Directorate XIII E of the European Commission.
  

Session 11: Acoustic Modeling and Robust CSR

• Steve Young:
  Session 11: Acoustic Modeling and Robust CSR.
  
• Steve J. Young, J. J. Odell, Philip C. Woodland:
  Tree-Based State Tying for High Accuracy Modelling.
  
• Vassilios Digalakis, Hy Murveit:
  High-Accuracy Large-Vocabulary Speech Recognition Using Mixture Tying and Consistency Modeling.
  
• Jean-Luc Gauvain, Lori Lamel, Gilles Adda, Martine Adda-Decker:
  The LIMSI Continuous Speech Dictation Systemt.
  
• Anastasios Anastasakost, Francis Kubala, John Makhoul, Richard M. Schwartz:
  Adaptation to New Microphones Using Tied-Mixture Normalization.
  
• Fu-Hua Liu, Pedro J. Moreno, Richard M. Stern, Alejandro Acero:
  Signal Processing for Robust Speech Recognition.
  
• Leonardo Neumeyer, Mitch Weintraub:
  Microphone-Independent Robust Signal Processing Using Probabilistic Optimum Filtering.
  
• C. Che, Q. Lin, J. Pearson, Bert de Vries, J. Flanagan:
  Microphone Arrays and Neural Networks for Robust Speech Recognition.
  

Session 12: Information Retrieval

• Donna Harman:
  Session 12: Information Retrieval.
  
• Donna Harman:
  Overview of the Second Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-2).
  
• K. L. Kwok, Laszlo Grunfeld:
  Learning from Relevant Documents in Large Scale Routing Retrieval.
  
• Tomek Strzalkowski:
  Document Representation in Natural Language Text Retrieval.
  
• Peter Schäuble, Ulrike Glavitsch:
  Assessing the Retrieval Effectiveness of a Speech : Retrieval System by Simulating Recognition Errors.
  
• Julian Kupiec, Don Kimber, Vijay Balasubramanian:
  Speech-Based Retrieval Using Semantic Co-Occurrence Filtering.
  
• Rajeev Agarwal:
  (Almost) Automatic Semantic Feature Extraction from Technical Text.
  

Session 13: CSR Search

• Richard M. Schwartz:
  Session 13: CSR Search.
  
• Yasuhiro Minami, Kiyohiro Shikano, Osamu Yoshioka, Satoshi Takahashi, Tomokazu Yamada, Sadaoki Furui:
  A Large-Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition Algorithm and its Application to a Multi-Modal Telephone Directory Assistance System.
  
• Hy Murveit, Peter Monaco, Vassilios Digalakis, John Butzberger:
  Techniques to Achieve an Accurate Real-Time Large-Vocabulary Speech Recognition System.
  
• Douglas B. Paul:
  The Lincoln Large-Vocabulary Stack-Decoder Based HMM CSR.
  
• J. J. Odell, V. Valtchev, Philip C. Woodland, Steve J. Young:
  A One Pass Decoder Design For Large Vocabulary Recognition.
  
• Long Nguyen, Richard M. Schwartz, Ying Zhao, George Zavaliagkos:
  Is N-Best Dead?
  

Session 14: New Directions/Applications

• Richard Stern:
  Session 14: New Directions/Applications.
  
• Julie Payette:
  Advanced Human-Computer Interface and Voice Processing Applications in Space.
  
• Suzanne Liebowitz Taylor, Deborah A. Dahl, Mark Lipshutz, Carl Weir, Lewis M. Norton, Roslyn Weidner Nilson, Marcia C. Linebarger:
  Integrated Text and Image Understanding for Document Understanding.
  
• Rohini K. Srihari:
  Use of Lexical and Syntactic Techniques in Recognizing Handwritten Text.
  
• John Makhoul, Thad Starner, Richard M. Schwartz, George Chou:
  On-Line Cursive Handwriting Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models and Statistical Grammars.
  
• Steve Lowe, Anne Demedts, Larry Gillick, Mark A. Mandel, Barbara Peskin:
  Language Identification via Large Vocabulary Speaker Independent Continuous Speech Recognition.
  

Project Summaries

• John Makhoul, Richard M. Schwartz:
  Robust Continuous Speech Recognition.
  
• Ralph M. Weischedel:
  Robustness, Portability and Scalability Language Systems.
  
• John Makhoul, Madeleine Bates:
  Usable, Real-Time, Interactive Spoken Language Systems.
  
• Mari Ostendorf, Patti Price, Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel:
  Evaluating the Use of Prosodic Information in Speech Recognition and Understanding.
  
• Mari Ostendorf, Jan Robin Rohlicek:
  Segment-Based Acoustic Models for Continuous Speech Recognition.
  
• Sergei Nirenburg:
  Pangloss: A Machine Translation Project.
  
• Raj Reddy:
  Spoken-Language Research at Carnegie Mellon.
  
• Kathleen McKeown, Rebecca J. Passonneau:
  Extracting Constraints on Word Usage from Large Text Corpora.
  
• Jonathan Yamron, James Cant, Anne Demedts, Taiko Dietzel, Yoshiko Ito:
  The Automatic Component of the LINGSTAT Machine-Aided Translation System.
  
• Janet M. Baker, Larry Gillick, Robert Roth:
  Research in Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition.
  
• Paul S. Jacobs:
  The TIPSTER/SHOGUN Project.
  
• Salim Roukos:
  Automatic Extraction of Grammars From Annotated Text.
  
• Stephen Della Pietra, Vincent J. Della Pietra:
  Candide: A Statistical Machine Translation System.
  
• Lois Boggess, Julia E. Hodges:
  A Knowledge-Based Approach to Indexing Scientific Text.
  
• Clifford J. Weinstein, Douglas B. Paul:
  Robust Continuous Speech Recognition Technology Program Summary.
  
• Victor Zue:
  Spoken Language Recognition and Understanding.
  
• David S. Paltett:
  NIST-ARPA Interagency Agreement: Human Language Technology Program.
  
• Beth Sundheim:
  Written Language System Evaluation.
  
• Louise Guthrie:
  The Consortium for Lexical Research.
  
• Yorick Wilks, James Pustejovsky, James R. Cowie:
  Diderot: TIPSTER Program, Automatic Data Extraction from Text Utilizing Semantic Analysis.
  
• David Farwell:
  Pangloss: A Knowledge-based Machine Assisted Translation Research Project - Site 2.
  
• Ralph Grishman:
  Research in Natural Language Processing.
  
• Tomek Strzalkowski:
  Robust Text Processing and Information Retrieval.
  
• George A. Miller:
  WORDNET: A Lexical Database for English.
  
• K. L. Kwok:
  PIRCS: a Network-Based Document Routing and Retrieval System.
  
• J. Flanagan, Q. Lin, J. Pearson, Bert de Vries:
  A Neural Network System for Large-Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition in Variable Acoustic Environments.
  
• Kate Hunicke-Smith, Jared Bernstein:
  Annotation of ATIS Data.
  
• Michael Cohen, Robert C. Moore:
  Combining Linguistic and Statistical Technology for Improved Spoken Language Understanding.
  
• Hy Murveit, Vassilios Digalakis, Peter Monaco, Mitch Weintraub:
  Consistency Modeling.
  
• Denise Danielson, Jared Bernstein:
  CSR Data Collection.
  
• Jerry R. Hobbs:
  Data Access for Situation Handling (DASH).
  
• Aravind K. Joshi, Mitchell P. Marcus, Mark Steedman, Bonnie L. Webber:
  Research in Natural Language Processing.
  
• James F. Allen, Lenhart K. Schubert:
  Natural Language Planning Dialogue for Interactive.
  
• Eduard H. Hovy:
  PANGLOSS: Knowledge-Based Machine Translation.
  

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