Communications of the ACM (CACM), Volume 39, 1996

Volume 39, Number 1, January 1996

• Thomas Erickson:
  The World-Wide Web as Social Hypertext. 15-17
  

• Roy Rada:
  Who Will Test Conformance? 19-22
  

• Pamela Samuelson:
  Intellectual Property Rights and the Global Information Economy. 23-28
  

• Hal Berghel:
  The Client's Side of the World-Wide Web. 30-40
  
• Stephen Haag, M. K. Raja, Lawrence L. Schkade:
  Quality Function Deployment Usage in Software Development. 41-49
  
• Matthew Cheyney, Peter A. Gloor, Donald B. Johnson, Fillia Makedon, James Matthews, Panagiotis Takis Metaxas:
  Toward Multimedia Conference Proceedings. 50-59
  

• Yorick Wilks:
  Natural Language Processing - Introduction to the Special Section. 60-62
  
• Louise Guthrie, James Pustejovsky, Yorick Wilks, Brian M. Slator:
  The Role of Lexicons in Natural Language Processing. 63-72
  
• Margaret King:
  Evaluating Natural Language Processing Systems. 73-79
  
• James R. Cowie, Wendy G. Lehnert:
  Information Extraction. 80-91
  
• David D. Lewis, Karen Sparck Jones:
  Natural Language Processing for Information Retrieval. 92-101
  
• Janyce Wiebe, Graeme Hirst, Diane Horton:
  Language Use in Context. 102-111
  

• Peter G. Neumann:
  Risks in Digital Commerce. 154
  

Volume 39, Number 2, February 1996

• Hal Berghel:
  HTML Compliance and the Return of the Test Pattern. 19-22
  

• Larry Press:
  The Role of Computer Networks in Development. 23-29
  

• Michael J. Wozny, William C. Regli:
  Computing in Manufacturing (Introduction to the Special Section). 32-33
  
• Joseph W. Erkes, Kevin B. Kenny, John W. Lewis, Brion D. Sarachan, Michael W. Sobolewski, Robert N. Sum Jr.:
  Implementing Shared Manufacturing Services on the World-Wide Web. 34-45
  
• Martin Hardwick, David L. Spooner, Tom Rando, K. C. Morris:
  Sharing Manufacturing Information in Virtual Enterprises. 46-54
  
• Vijay Kumar, Ruzena Bajcsy, William Harwin, Patrick Harker:
  Rapid Design and Prototyping of Customized Rehabilitation Aids. 55-61
  
• George A. Bekey:
  Trends in Robotics. 62
  
• Susan Finger, M. Terk, Eswaran Subrahmanian, Chris Kasabach, Fritz B. Prinz, Daniel P. Siewiorek, Asim Smailagic, John Stivoric, Lee E. Weiss:
  Rapid Design and Manufacture of Wearable Computers. 63-70
  
• Aristides A. G. Requicha:
  Geometric Reasoning for Intelligent Manufacturing. 71-76
  
• Martti Mäntylä, Dana S. Nau, Jami J. Shah:
  Challenges in Feature-Based Manufacturing Research. 77-85
  

• Philip A. Bernstein:
  Middleware: A Model for Distributed System Services. 86-98
  
• James W. Candler, Prashant C. Palvia, Jane D. Thompson, Steven M. Zeltmann:
  The ORION Project: Staged Business Process Reengineering at FedEx. 99-107
  
• Mohamed E. Fayad, Wei-Tek Tsai, Milton L. Fulghum:
  Transition To Object-Oriented Software Development. 108-121
  

• Peter G. Neumann, Peter J. Denning:
  W(h)ither Research and Education? 154
  

Volume 39, Number 3, March 1996

• Roy Rada:
  ISO 9000 Reflects the Best in Standards. 17-20
  

• Randall Davis, Pamela Samuelson, Mitchell Kapor, Jerome Reichman:
  A New View of Intellectual Property and Software. 21-30
  

• Ravi Ganesan:
  How to Use Key Escrow (Introduction to the Special Section). 32-33
  
• Dorothy E. Denning, Dennis K. Branstad:
  A Taxonomy for Key Escrow Encryption Systems. 34-40
  
• Stephen T. Walker, Steven B. Lipner, Carl M. Ellison, David M. Balenson:
  Commercial Key Recovery. 41-47
  
• David Paul Maher:
  Crypto Backup and Key Escrow. 48-53
  
• Ravi Ganesan:
  The Yaksha Security System. 55-60
  

• Frederick P. Brooks Jr.:
  The Computer Scientist as a Toolsmith II. 61-68
  
• A. T. Wood-Harper, Steve Corder, J. R. G. Wood, Heather Watson:
  How We Profess: The Ethical Systems Analyst. 69-77
  
• Anthony Ralston:
  The Demographics of Candidates for Faculty Positions in Computer Science. 78-84
  
• Guy E. Blelloch:
  Programming Parallel Algorithms. 85-97
  

• Robert N. Charette:
  Taking Responsibility for Our Risks. 122
  

Volume 39, Number 4, April 1996

• Michael D. Myers:
  Can Kiwis Fly? Computing in New Zealand. 11-15
  

• Elliot Soloway, Amanda Pryor:
  The Next Generation in Human-Computer Interaction. 16-18
  

• Donald A. Norman, James C. Spohrer:
  Learner-Centered Education (Introduction to the Special Section). 24-27
  
• Roger C. Schank, Alex Kass:
  A Goal-Based Scenario for High School Students. 28-29
  
• Beverly Park Woolf:
  Intelligent Multimedia Tutoring Systems. 30-31
  
• Daniel C. Edelson, Roy D. Pea, Louis M. Gomez:
  The Collaboratory Notebook. 32-33
  
• Marcia C. Linn:
  Key to the Information Highway. 34-35
  
• Marlene Scardamalia, Carl Bereiter:
  Student Cummunities for the Advancement of Knowledge. 36-37
  
• Yasmin B. Kafai:
  Software by Kids for Kids. 38-39
  
• Hal Eden, Michael Eisenberg, Gerhard Fischer, Alexander Repenning:
  Making Learning a Part of Life. 40-42
  
• Mark Guzdial, Janet L. Kolodner, Cindy E. Hmelo, N. Hari Narayanan, David Carlson, Noel Rappin, Roland Hübscher, Jennifer Turns, Wendy Newstetter:
  Computer Support for Learning through Complex Problem Solving. 43-45
  
• Mary Beth Rosson, John M. Carroll:
  Scaffolded Examples for Learning Object-Oriented Design. 46-47
  
• Shari L. Jackson, Steven J. Stratford, Joseph Krajcik, Elliot Soloway:
  A Learner-Centered Tool for Students Building Models. 48-49
  

• David Powell:
  Group Communication (Introduction to the Special Section). 50-53
  
• Louise E. Moser, P. M. Melliar-Smith, Deborah A. Agarwal, Ravi K. Budhia, Colleen A. Lingley-Papadopoulos:
  Totem: A Fault-Tolerant Multicast Group Communication System. 54-63
  
• Danny Dolev, Dalia Malki:
  The Transis Approach to High Availability Cluster Communication. 64-70
  
• Michael K. Reiter:
  Distributed Trust with the Rampart Toolkit. 71-74
  
• Robbert van Renesse, Kenneth P. Birman, Silvano Maffeis:
  Horus: A Flexible Group Communication System. 76-83
  
• André Schiper, Michel Raynal:
  From Group Communication to Transactions in Distributed Systems. 84-87
  
• Flaviu Cristian:
  Synchronous and Asynchronous Group Communication. 88-97
  

• Peter G. Neumann:
  A Risks-related Bookshelf. 122
  

Volume 39, Number 5, May 1996

• Randy H. Katz: Professor Katz Goes to Washington. 13-17

• Larry Press:
  Windows NT as a Personal or Intranet Server. 19-23
  

• Brock N. Meeks:
  The Game Plan to Save Cyberspace. 24-26
  

• Peter J. Denning:
  The University's Next Challenges. 27-30
  

• Gurminder Singh, Steven Feiner, Daniel Thalmann: Virtual Reality Software and Technology (Introduction to the Special Section). 33-36
• Tim Poston, Luis Serra:
  Dextrous Virtual Work. 37-45
  
• Mark Green, Sean Halliday:
  A Geometric Modeling and Animation System. 46-53
  
• Michael F. Deering:
  The HoloSketch VR Sketching System. 54-61
  
• Steve Bryson:
  Virtual Reality in Scientific Visualization. 62-71
  
• Salvador Bayarri, Marcos Fernández, Mariano Pérez:
  Virtual Reality for Driving Simulation. 72-76
  

• Ronald Fagin, Moni Naor, Peter Winkler:
  Comparing Information Without Leaking It. 77-85
  
• Henry C. Lucas Jr., Donald J. Berndt, Greg Truman:
  A Reengineering Framework for Evaluating a Financial Imaging System. 86-96
  
• Edward A. Feigenbaum:
  How the "What" Becomes the "How" - Turing Award Lecture. 97-104
  
• Raj Reddy:
  To Dream The Possible Dream - Turing Award Lecture. 105-112
  
• Raymond McLeod Jr.:
  Comparing Undergraduate Courses in Systems Analysis and Design. 113-121
  

• Peter G. Neumann:
  Linguistic Risks. 154
  

Volume 39, Number 6, June 1996

• Elliot Soloway:
  Teachers are the Key. 11-14
  

• Hal Berghel:
  U.S. Technology Policy in the Information Age. 15-18
  

• Raymond Pyle: Electronic Commerce and the Internet (Introduction to the Special Section). 22
• John R. Sivori:
  Evaluated Receipts and Settlements at Bell Atlantic. 24-28
  
• Anish Bhimani:
  Securing The Commercial Internet. 29-35
  
• Nathaniel S. Borenstein:
  Perils and Pitfalls of Practical Cybercommerce. 36-44
  
• Patiwat Panurach:
  Money in Electronic Commerce: Digital Cash, Electronic Funds Transfer, and Ecash. 45-50
  
• Matti Hämäläinen, Andrew B. Whinston, Svetlana Vishik:
  Electronic Markets for Learning: Education Brokerages on the Internet. 51-58
  

• Kilnam Chon:
  Internet Inroads (Introduction to the Special Section). 59-60
  
• Robert M. Hinden:
  IP Next Generation Overview. 61-71
  
• Peng Hwa Ang, Berlinda Nadarjan:
  Censorship and the Internet: A Singapore Perspective. 72-78
  
• Tim O'Reilly:
  Publishing Models for Internet Commerce. 79-86
  
• Peter T. Kirstein, Goli Montasser-Kohsari:
  The C-ODA Project: Online Access to Electronic Journals. 87-99
  
• Bruno Mannoni:
  Bringing Museums Online. 100-105
  

• James E. Pitkow, Colleen M. Kehoe:
  Emerging Trends in the WWW User Population. 106-108
  

• Teresa F. Lunt:
  Securing the Information Infrastructure. 130
  

Volume 39, Number 7, July 1996

• Lawrence T. Greenberg, Seymour E. Goodman:
  Is Big Brother Hanging by His Bootstrap? 11-15
  

• Pamela Samuelson:
  Regulation of Technologies to Protect Copyrighted Works. 17-22
  

• Andrew Grosso:
  Why Won't the President Enforce the Constitution? 25-26
  

• H. Raghav Rao, Kichan Nam, Abhijit Chaudhury:
  Information Systems Outsourcing (Introduction to the Special Section). 27-28
  
• Paul Nelson, William B. Richmond, Abraham Seidmann:
  Two Dimensions of Software Acquisition. 29-35
  
• Kichan Nam, H. Raghav Rao, Abhijit Chaudhury:
  A Two-Level Investigation of Information Systems Outsourcing. 36-44
  
• Vijay Gurbaxani:
  The New World of Information Technology Outsourcing. 45-46
  
• Sandra Slaughter, Soon Ang:
  Employment Outsourcing in Information Systems. 47-54
  

• Gordon Bell, Jim Gemmell:
  On-ramp Prospects for the Information Superhighway Dream. 55-61
  
• Lynn A. Streeter, Robert E. Kraut, Henry C. Lucas Jr., Laurence Caby:
  How Open Data Networks Influence Business Performance and Market Structure. 62-73
  
• Karen D. Loch, Sue A. Conger:
  Evaluating Ethical Decision Making and Computer Use. 74-83
  
• Jack Dongarra, Steve W. Otto, Marc Snir, David W. Walker:
  A Message Passing Standard for MPP and Workstations. 84-90
  

• Peter G. Neumann:
  Using Formal Methods to Reduce Risks. 114
  

Volume 39, Number 8, August 1996

• Jonah Sieger:
  Communications Decency Act is Defeated: Landmark Victory for Netizens. 13-15
  

• James W. Moore, Roy Rada:
  Organizational Badge Collecting. 17-21
  

• Steve Mann:
  Smart Clothing: The Shift to Wearable Computing. 23-24
  

• Ted Selker:
  New Paradigms for Computing (Introduction to the Special Section). 28-30
  
• John Seely Brown:
  To Dream the Invisible Dream. 30
  
• Nolan Bushnell:
  Relationships between Fun and the Computer Business: Playing games can have serious consequences. 31-37
  
• Henry Lieberman:
  Intelligent Graphics. 38-48
  
• Kenneth M. Kahn:
  Drawings on Napkins, Video-Game Animation, and Other Ways to Program Computers: Programming can be as easy as child's play. 49-59
  
• Ted Selker:
  New Paradigms for Using Computers. 60-69
  

• Donald R. Gentner, Jakob Nielsen:
  The Anti-Mac Interface. 70-82
  

• Elliot Soloway, Amanda Pryor:
  Using Computational Media to Facilitate Learning (Introduction to the Special Section). 83
  
• Andee Rubin, Scott Bresnahan, Ted Ducas:
  Cartwheeling Through CamMotion. 84-85
  
• Jere Confrey, Alan Maloney:
  Function Probe. 86-87
  
• Wallace Feurzeig, John Richards:
  Function Machines. 88-90
  
• Margo Cappo, Kathy Darling:
  Measurement In Motion. 9193
  
• Judah L. Schwartz:
  Motion Toys for Eye and Mind. 94-96
  
• Jeremy Roschelle, James J. Kaput:
  SimCalc Mathworlds for the Mathematics of Change. 97-99
  
• Paul Horwitz, Eric P. Neumann, Joyce Schwartz:
  Teaching Science at Multiple Space Time Scales. 100-102
  
• Pierre Dillenbourg, John A. Self:
  What If the Computer Doesn't Know the Answer? 103-105
  
• A Multimedia Literacy Series. 106-109

• Herbert Lin: Cryptography's Role in Securing Information. 130

Volume 39, Number 9, September 1996

• Thomas L. Sterling:
  The Scientific Workstation of the Future May Be a Pile of PCs. 11-12
  

• Brock N. Meeks:
  Dragging a Kicking-and-Screaming Government into the 21st Century. 13-15
  

• Ellen Isaacs, John C. Tang:
  Technology Transfer: So Much Research, So Few Godd Producs (Introduction to the Special Section). 22-25
  
• Jean Scholtz:
  Technology Transfer Through Prototypes. 26-27
  
• Allan Kuchinsky:
  Transfer Means More Than Just Technology. 28-29
  
• James D. Foley:
  Technology Transfer from University to Industry. 30-31
  
• Jeff A. Johnson:
  R<->D, Not R&D. 32-34
  
• John L. Bennett:
  Building Relationships for Technology Transfer. 35-36
  

• Nayeem Islam, Roy H. Campbell:
  Latest Developments in Operating Systems (Introduction to the Special Section). 38-40
  
• Peter Druschel:
  Operating System Support for High-Speed Communication: Techniques to Eliminate Processing Bottlenecks in High-Speed Networking are Present. 41-51
  
• Mendel Rosenblum, John Chapin, Dan Teodosiu, Scott Devine, Tirthankar Lahiri, Anoop Gupta:
  Implementing Efficient Fault Containment for Multiprocessors: Confining Faults in a Shared-Memory Multiprocessor Environment. 52-61
  
• John Rosenberg, Alan Dearle, David Hulse, Anders Lindström, Stephen Norris:
  Operating System Support for Persistant and Recoverable Computations: Guaranteeing data recovery and consistency, the authors' experimental Grasshopper persistent operating system simplifies application development and encourages construction of integrated systems. 62-69
  
• Jochen Liedtke: Toward Real Microkernels: The inefficient, inflexible first generation inspired development of the vastly improved second generation, which may yet support a variety of operating systems. 70-77

• Mark R. Cutkosky, Jay M. Tenenbaum, Jay Glicksman:
  Madefast: Collaborative Engineering over the Internet. 78-87
  
• Uzi Vishkin:
  Can Parallel Algorithms Enhance Seriel Implementation? 88-91
  
• Kenneth C. Laudon:
  Markets and Privacy. 92-104
  

• Lauren Weinstein:
  Behind the State of the Art. 130
  

Volume 39, Number 10, October 1996

• Larry Press:
  Seeding Networks: The Federal Role. 11-17
  

• Hal Berghel:
  Digital Politics. 19-25
  

• Mark Luker:
  NSF's New Program for High-Performance Internet Connections. 27-28
  

• Douglas C. Schmidt, Mohamed Fayad, Ralph E. Johnson: Software Patterns (Introduction to the Special Section). 36-39
• Alistair Cockburn:
  The Interaction of Social Issues and Software Architecture. 40-46
  
• Marshall Cline:
  The Pros and Cons of Adopting and Applying Design Patterns in the Real World. 47-49
  
• Amund Aarsten, Davide Brugali, Giuseppe Menga:
  Designing Concurrent and Distributed Control Systems. 50-58
  
• Mohamed E. Fayad, Marshall Cline:
  Aspects of Software Adaptability. 58-59
  
• Brandon Goldfedder, Linda Rising:
  A Training Experience with Aptterns. 60-64
  
• Nayeem Islam, Murthy V. Devarakonda:
  An Essential Design Pattern for Fault-Tolerant Distributed State Sharing. 65-74
  
• Paul E. McKenney:
  Selecting Locking Primitives for Parallel Programming. 75-82
  

• Paul Resnick, James Miller:
  PICS: Internet Access Controls Without Censorship. 87-93
  
• Juhani Iivari:
  Why Are Case Tools Not Used? 94-103
  
• Victor R. Basili, Lionel C. Briand, Walcélio L. Melo:
  How Reuse Influences Productivity in Object-Oriented Systems. 104-116
  

• Peter G. Neumann:
  Disinformation Theory. 138
  

Volume 39, Number 11, November 1996

• Robert L. Glass:
  The Relationship Between Theory and Practice in Software Engineering. 11-13
  

• Neil Munro:
  Sketching a National Information Warfare Defense Plan. 15-17
  

• Usama M. Fayyad, Ramasamy Uthurusamy:
  Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery in Databases (Introduction to the Special Section). 24-26
  
• Usama M. Fayyad, Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro, Padhraic Smyth:
  The KDD Process for Extracting Useful Knowledge from Volumes of Data. 27-34
  
• Clark Glymour, David Madigan, Daryl Pregibon, Padhraic Smyth:
  Statistical Inference and Data Mining. 35-41
  
• Ronald J. Brachman, Tom Khabaza, Willi Klösgen, Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro, Evangelos Simoudis:
  Mining Business Databases. 42-48
  
• W. H. Inmon:
  The Data Warehouse and Data Mining. 49-50
  
• Usama M. Fayyad, David Haussler, Paul E. Stolorz:
  Mining Scientific Data. 51-57
  
• Tomasz Imielinski, Heikki Mannila:
  A Database Perspective on Knowledge Discovery. 58-64
  
• Oren Etzioni:
  The World-Wide Web: Quagmire or Gold Mine? 65-68
  

• David Abramson, Ian T. Foster, John Michalakes, Rok Sosic:
  A New Methodology for Debugging Scientific Applications. 69-77
  
• David E. Culler, Richard M. Karp, David A. Patterson, Abhijit Sahay, Eunice E. Santos, Klaus E. Schauser, Ramesh Subramonian, Thorsten von Eicken:
  LogP: A Practical Model of Parallel Computation. 78-85
  
• Yair Wand, Richard Y. Wang:
  Anchoring Data Quality Dimensions in Ontological Foundations. 86-95
  

• Peter G. Neumann: Distributed Systems have Distributed Risks. 130

Volume 39, Number 12, December 1996

• Seymour E. Goodman:
  War, Information Technologies, and International Asymmetries. 11-15
  

• Pamela Samuelson:
  Legal Protection for Database Contents. 17-23
  

• A. Michael Noll:
  CyberNetwork Technology: Issues and Uncertainties. 27-31
  

• Robert E. Kraut: The Internet @ Home (Introduction to the Special Section). 33-35
• Donna L. Hoffman, William D. Kalsbeek, Thomas P. Novak:
  Internet and Web Use in the US. 36-46
  
• Alladi Venkatesh:
  Computers and Other Interactive Technologies for the Home. 47-54
  
• Robert E. Kraut, William L. Scherlis, Tridas Mukhopadhyay, Jane Manning, Sara B. Kiesler:
  The HomeNet Field Trial of Residential Internet Services. 55-63
  
• Marita Franzke, Anne P. McClard:
  Winona Gets Wired: Technical Difficulties in the Home. 64-66
  
• George T. Duncan:
  Is My Research Ethical? 67-68
  
• John M. Carroll, Mary Beth Rosson:
  Developing the Blacksburg Electronic Village. 69-74
  

• C. Dianne Martin, Chuck Huff, Donald Gotterbarn, Keith W. Miller:
  Implementing A Tenth Strand in the CS Curriculum. 75-84
  
• Henry MacKay Walker, G. Michael Schneider:
  A Revised Model Curriculum for a Liberal Arts Degree in Computer Science. 85-95
  
• Robert Geist, Madhu Chetuparambil, Stephen T. Hedetniemi, A. Joe Turner:
  Computing Research Programs in the US. 96-99
  

• Peter G. Neumann:
  Risks of Anonymity. 162
  

• C. David Kemp:
  The Construction of Fast Portable Multiplicative Congruential Random Number Generators. 163-166
  
• Alejandro Barrero:
  Implementation of Abstract Data Types with Arrays of Unbounded Dimensions. 167-174
  
• Zbigniew Michalewicz, Cezary Z. Janikow:
  GENOCOP: A Genetic Algorithm for Numerical Optimization Problems with Linear Constraints. 175-201
  
• Barak A. Pearlmutter:
  Garbage Collection with Pointers to Individual Cells. 202-206
  
• Raúl Rojas:
  A Graph Labelling Proof of the Backpropagation Algorithm. 207-215
  
• Wesley W. Chu, Kuorong Chiang, Chih-Cheng Hsu, Henrick Yau:
  An Error-based Conceptual Clustering Method for Providing Approximate Query Answers. 216-230
  
• Randolph D. Nelson:
  Including Queueing Effects in Amdahl's Law. 231-238
  
• Ronald E. Prather:
  Harmonic Analysis from the Computer Representation of a Musical Score. 239-255
  
• Mark G. Staskausas:
  An Experience in the Formal Verification of Industrial Software. 256-272
  
• Guy E. Blelloch, Charles E. Leiserson, Bruce M. Maggs, C. Greg Plaxton, Stephen J. Smith, Marco Zagha: A Comparison of Sorting Algorithms for the Connection Machine CM-2. 273-297
• Nathaniel S. Borenstein:
  CMU's Andrew Project: A Retrospective. 298-311
  
• James H. Morris:
  War Stories from Andrew. 312-321
  

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