Scholarpedia, Volume 4

Volume 4, Number 1, January 2009

• Tom W. B. Kibble:
  Englert-Brout-Higgs-Guralnik-Hagen-Kibble mechanism (history). 8741
  
• Sergei Ketov:
  Nonlinear Sigma model. 8508
  
• Navindra Persaud:
  Post-decision wagering. 7428
  
• Guido Altarelli:
  QCD evolution equations for parton densities. 7124
  
• Jean Zinn-Justin:
  Zinn-Justin equation. 7120
  
• Wolfgang Bibel, Christoph Kreitz:
  Connection method. 6816
  
• Tom W. B. Kibble:
  Englert-Brout-Higgs-Guralnik-Hagen-Kibble mechanism. 6441
  
• Leon Cooper, Dmitri Feldman:
  Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory. 6439
  
• Andrew J. Viterbi:
  Viterbi algorithm. 6246
  
• Lazar Friedland:
  Autoresonance in nonlinear systems. 5473
  
• Manuel Alonso, Yao Chen:
  Receptive field. 5393
  
• Luiz Pessoa:
  Cognition and emotion. 4567
  
• Sylvio Ferraz-Mello:
  Celestial mechanics. 4416
  
• Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse:
  Vegetative state. 4163
  
• Clifford Saper:
  Hypothalamus. 2791
  
• Robi Polikar:
  Ensemble learning. 2776
  
• Peter E. Latham, Yasser Roudi:
  Mutual information. 1658
  
• Harel Shouval:
  Maintenance of synaptic plasticity. 1606
  

Volume 4, Number 2, February 2009

• Jean Zinn-Justin:
  Path integral. 8674
  
• Dave Forney:
  Concatenated codes. 8374
  
• Robert L. Constable:
  Computational type theory. 7618
  
• Mads Tofte:
  Standard ML language. 7515
  
• Tim Bayne:
  Unity of consciousness. 7414
  
• Antonio Degasperis, Michela Procesi:
  Degasperis-Procesi equation. 7318
  
• Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao:
  Fisher-Rao metric. 7085
  
• Baingio Pinna:
  Pinna illusion. 6656
  
• Leonardo Chiariglione:
  Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). 6600
  
• Fabio Celani, Alberto Isidori:
  Feedback linearization. 6517
  
• Andrew Cook, David Youngs:
  Rayleigh-Taylor instability and mixing. 6092
  
• Sergiy Kolyada, L'uboír Snoha:
  Topological transitivity. 5802
  
• Kristin Michod, Helene Intraub:
  Boundary extension. 3324
  
• Peter Goldreich:
  MHD turbulence. 2350
  
• Leif E. Peterson:
  K-nearest neighbor. 1883
  

Volume 4, Number 3, March 2009

• Jamie Ward:
  Observed touch. 8251
  
• Harald Atmanspacher:
  Contextual emergence. 7997
  
• Dietrich Lehmann, Roberto D. Pascual-Marqui, Christoph Michel:
  EEG microstates. 7632
  
• Alex C. Hewson, Jun Kondo:
  Kondo effect. 7529
  
• Ki Tung:
  Bjorken scaling. 7412
  
• Kenichi Konishi:
  Konishi anomaly. 7121
  
• Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao:
  Second order efficiency. 7084
  
• Marcos Alberto Trevisan, Gabriel Mindlin:
  Models of birdsong (physics). 6923
  
• Paul M. B. Vitányi:
  Turing machine. 6240
  
• Victor Steinberg:
  Vesicle dynamics: experiments. 5475
  
• Peter McCullagh, John E. Kolassa:
  Cumulants. 4699
  
• Dejan Zecevic, William Ross, Lawrence Cohen:
  Voltage-sensitive dye. 3355
  
• Ana Calabrese:
  Ocular dominance column. 2668
  
• Paul Manneville, Yves Pomeau:
  Transition to turbulence. 2072
  
• Yakov Sinai:
  Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. 2034
  

Volume 4, Number 4, April 2009

• Kenneth James Palmer:
  Shadowing lemma for flows. 7918
  
• Ludvig Dmitrievich Faddeev:
  Faddeev-Popov ghosts. 7389
  
• Florian Gebhard, Martin Gutzwiller:
  Gutzwiller wave function. 7288
  
• David A. Boas, Maria Angela Franceschini:
  Near infrared imaging. 6997
  
• Roger Reep, Diana Sarko:
  Tactile hair in Manatees. 6831
  
• Ehsan Arabzadeh, Moritz von Heimendahl, Mathew E. Diamond:
  Vibrissal texture decoding. 6640
  
• Suguru Arimoto:
  Control of mechanical systems. 6520
  
• Thomas P. Witelski, Mark Bowen:
  Singular perturbation theory. 3951
  
• Randall D. Beer:
  Biologically inspired robotics. 1531
  
• Wilfrid Rall:
  Rall model. 1369
  

Volume 4, Number 5, May 2009

• Lynette Jones:
  Thermal touch. 7955
  
• Simon M. Ruijsenaars:
  Ruijsenaars-Schneider model. 7760
  
• Martin Deschenes:
  Vibrissal afferents from trigeminus to cortices. 7454
  
• Raymond Frederick Streater:
  Wightman quantum field theory. 7123
  
• Freeman Dyson, Richard Carrigan:
  Dyson sphere. 6647
  
• Nelson Spruston:
  Pyramidal neuron. 6130
  
• Geoffrey E. Hinton:
  Deep belief networks. 5947
  
• Wickliffe Abraham, Ben Philpot:
  Metaplasticity. 4894
  
• Paul S. Katz:
  Tritonia swim network. 3638
  
• Catherine Rouvas-Nicolis, Gregoire Nicolis:
  Butterfly effect. 1720
  
• Arcady Meyer, Stewart Wilson:
  Animat. 1533
  

Volume 4, Number 6, June 2009

• Stephen Adler:
  Adler sum rule. 8653
  
• Vladimir Alexandrovich Smirnov:
  Multiloop Feynman integrals. 8507
  
• Wulfram Gerstner, Romain Brette:
  Adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire model. 8427
  
• Ezra (Ted) Newman, Roger Penrose:
  Spin-coefficient formalism. 7445
  
• Mark McDonnell, Nigel Stocks:
  Suprathreshold stochastic resonance. 6508
  
• Robert Howell, Torin Alter:
  Hard problem of consciousness. 4948
  
• Kimron Shapiro, Jane Raymond, Karen Arnell:
  Attentional blink. 3320
  

Volume 4, Number 7, July 2009

• Frederic Libersat:
  Neuroethology of Parasitoid Wasps. 9617
  
• Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao:
  Orthogonal arrays. 9076
  
• J. M. Laming:
  Collisionless shock wave. 6071
  
• Graham W. Griffiths, William E. Schiesser:
  Linear and nonlinear waves. 4308
  
• Sasa Singer, John A. Nelder:
  Nelder-Mead algorithm. 2928
  
• Steven Balbus:
  Magnetorotational instability. 2409
  
• Moshe Abeles:
  Synfire chains. 1441
  
• Ghanim Ullah, Steven J. Schiff:
  Models of epilepsy. 1409
  

Volume 4, Number 8, August 2009

• Meng Wang, Jiang Zhang:
  Video Content Structuring. 9431
  
• Sliman Bensmaia:
  Texture from touch. 7956
  
• Roberta L. Klatzky, Catherine Reed:
  Haptic exploration. 7941
  
• Michael Okun, Ilan Lampl:
  Balance of excitation and inhibition. 7467
  
• Dale Purves:
  Neuroscience. 7204
  
• Tung Yau:
  Calabi-Yau manifold. 6524
  
• David Spiegelhalter, Kenneth Rice:
  Bayesian statistics. 5230
  
• Henry Roediger III, Elizabeth Marsh:
  False memory. 3858
  
• Endel Tulving, Karl Szpunar:
  Episodic memory. 3332
  
• Roy Wise:
  Reinforcement. 2450
  
• Evelyn Sander, Paul So, Ernest Barreto:
  Noninvertibility. 2242
  

Volume 4, Number 9, September 2009

• Guy Bonneau:
  Local operator. 9669
  
• John Klauder:
  Coherent state (Quantum mechanics). 8686
  
• Dima Shepelyansky:
  Chirikov criterion. 8567
  
• Guy Bonneau:
  Operator product expansion. 8506
  
• David I. Gottlieb, Sigal Gottlieb:
  Spectral methods. 7504
  
• Philip J. Morrison, Alexander Wurm:
  Nontwist maps. 3551
  

Volume 4, Number 10, October 2009

• Charles Radin:
  Quasicrystals: Solids with Unusual Symmetry. 9066
  
• Benjamin Widom:
  Scaling laws. 9054
  
• Vilayanur S. Ramachandran, David Brang:
  Phantom touch. 8244
  
• Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao:
  Rao score test. 8220
  
• Marta Kutas, Kara D. Federmeier:
  N400. 7790
  
• Norman Abramson:
  Aloha random access. 7020
  
• Jiro Okada:
  Cockroach antennae. 6842
  
• Birgitta Dresp-Langley:
  Ehrenstein illusion. 5364