Larry Bull

Ben de Lacy Costello, Ishrat Jahan, Matt Ahearn, Julian Holley, Larry Bull, Andrew Adamatzky: Initiation of Waves in BZ Encapsulated Vesicles Using Light - Towards Design of Computing Architectures. IJUC 9(3-4): 311-326 (2013)

Larry Bull: Imitation Programming Unorganised Machines. Artificial Intelligence, Evolutionary Computing and Metaheuristics 2013: 63-81

Larry Bull: On Mobile DNA in Artificial Regulatory Networks: Evolving Functional and Structural Dynamism. CoRR abs/1303.7220 (2013)

Larry Bull: A Simple Computational Cell: Coupling Boolean Gene and Protein Networks. Artificial Life 18(2): 223-236 (2012)

Larry Bull: Evolving Boolean Networks with Structural Dynamism. Artificial Life 18(4): 385-397 (2012)

Andrew Adamatzky, Julian Holley, Peter Dittrich, Jerzy Gorecki, Ben de Lacy Costello, Klaus-Peter Zauner, Larry Bull: On architectures of circuits implemented in simulated Belousov-Zhabotinsky droplets. Biosystems 109(1): 72-77 (2012)

Larry Bull: Using genetical and cultural search to design unorganised machines. Evolutionary Intelligence 5(1): 23-33 (2012)

Larry Bull: Production system rules as protein complexes from genetic regulatory networks: an initial study. Evolutionary Intelligence 5(2): 59-67 (2012)

Gerard David Howard, Ella Gale, Larry Bull, Ben de Lacy Costello, Andy Adamatzky: Evolution of Plastic Learning in Spiking Networks via Memristive Connections. IEEE Trans. Evolutionary Computation 16(5): 711-729 (2012)

Larry Bull: Evolving Boolean Networks on Tunable Fitness Landscapes. IEEE Trans. Evolutionary Computation 16(6): 817-828 (2012)

Gerard David Howard, Larry Bull, Andrew Adamatzky: Cartesian Genetic Programming for Memristive Logic Circuits. EuroGP 2012: 37-48

Faten Kharbat, Larry Bull, Mohammed Odeh: A New Compaction Algorithm for LCS Rules - Breast Cancer Dataset Case Study. KDIR 2012: 382-385

Gerard David Howard, Larry Bull, Pier Luca Lanzi: A Spiking Neural Learning Classifier System. CoRR abs/1201.3249 (2012)

Larry Bull: On Natural Genetic Engineering: Structural Dynamism in Random Boolean Networks. CoRR abs/1201.3545 (2012)

Larry Bull: Production System Rules as Protein Complexes from Genetic Regulatory Networks. CoRR abs/1201.4737 (2012)

Richard Preen, Larry Bull: Discrete and Fuzzy Dynamical Genetic Programming in the XCSF Learning Classifier System. CoRR abs/1201.5604 (2012)

Richard Preen, Larry Bull: Evolution of Supershapes for the Generation of Three-Dimensional Designs. CoRR abs/1204.4107 (2012)

Richard Preen, Larry Bull: Discrete Dynamical Genetic Programming in XCS. CoRR abs/1204.4200 (2012)

Richard Preen, Larry Bull: Fuzzy Dynamical Genetic Programming in XCSF. CoRR abs/1204.4202 (2012)

Larry Bull, Julian Holley, Ben de Lacy Costello, Andrew Adamatzky: Toward Turing's A-type Unorganised Machines in an Unconventional Substrate: a Dynamic Representation in Compartmentalised Excitable Chemical Media. CoRR abs/1212.1344 (2012)

Ben de Lacy Costello, Ishrat Jahan, Matt Ahearn, Julian Holley, Larry Bull, Andrew Adamatzky: Initiation of waves in BZ encapsulated vesicles using light - towards design of computing architectures. CoRR abs/1212.2244 (2012)

Christopher Stone, Rita Toth, Ben de Lacy Costello, Larry Bull, Andrew Adamatzky: Coevolving Cellular Automata with Memory for Chemical Computing: Boolean Logic Gates in the B-Z Reaction. CoRR abs/1212.2762 (2012)

Gerard David Howard, Ella Gale, Larry Bull, Ben de Lacy Costello, Andy Adamatzky: Evolution of Plastic Learning in Spiking Networks via Memristive Connections. CoRR abs/1212.3441 (2012)

Richard Preen, Larry Bull: Towards the Evolution of Novel Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines. CoRR abs/1212.5271 (2012)

Andrew Adamatzky, Ben de Lacy Costello, Larry Bull: On Polymorphic Logical Gates in Subexcitable Chemical Medium. I. J. Bifurcation and Chaos 21(7): 1977-1986 (2011)

Richard Preen, Larry Bull: Arithmetic dynamical genetic programming in the XCSF Learning Classifier System. IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2011: 1428-1435

Richard Preen, Larry Bull: Fuzzy dynamical genetic programming in XCSF. GECCO (Companion) 2011: 167-168

Gerard David Howard, Ella Gale, Larry Bull, Benjamin de Lacy Costello, Andrew Adamatzky: Evolving spiking networks with variable memristors. GECCO 2011: 1275-1282

Larry Bull: Towards a Mapping of Modern AIS and LCS. ICARIS 2011: 371-382

Andrew Adamatzky, Ben de Lacy Costello, Julian Holley, Jerzy Gorecki, Larry Bull: Vesicle computers: Approximating Voronoi diagram on Voronoi automata. CoRR abs/1104.1707 (2011)

Larry Bull: Artificial Symbiogenesis and Differing Reproduction Rates. Artificial Life 16(1): 65-72 (2010)

Ramón Alonso-Sanz, Larry Bull: One-Dimensional Coupled Cellular Automata with Memory: Initial Investigations. J. Cellular Automata 5(1-2): 29-49 (2010)

Emmanuel Sapin, Andrew Adamatzky, Pierre Collet, Larry Bull: Stochastic automated search methods in cellular automata: the discovery of tens of thousands of glider guns. Natural Computing 9(3): 513-543 (2010)

Gerard David Howard, Larry Bull, Pier Luca Lanzi: A spiking neural representation for XCSF. IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2010: 1-8

Larry Bull: Imitation Programming. ICES 2010: 360-371

Andrew Adamatzky, Ben de Lacy Costello, Larry Bull: On polymorphic logical gates in sub-excitable chemical medium. CoRR abs/1007.0034 (2010)

Christopher Stone, Larry Bull: Evolution of cellular automata with memory: The Density Classification Task. Biosystems 97(2): 108-116 (2009)

Emmanuel Sapin, Larry Bull, Andrew Adamatzky: Genetic approaches to search for computing patterns in cellular automata. IEEE Comp. Int. Mag. 4(3): 20-28 (2009)

Eduardo R. Miranda, Larry Bull, François Gueguen, Ivan S. Uroukov: Computer Music Meets Unconventional Computing: Towards Sound Synthesis with In Vitro Neuronal Networks. Computer Music Journal 33(1): 9-18 (2009)

Andy Adamatzky, Larry Bull: Are complex systems hard to evolve? Complexity 14(6): 15-20 (2009)

Ramón Alonso-Sanz, Larry Bull: On Minimally Coupled Boolean Networks. I. J. Bifurcation and Chaos 19(4): 1401-1414 (2009)

Rita Toth, Christopher Stone, Ben de Lacy Costello, Andrew Adamatzky, Larry Bull: Simple Collision-Based Chemical Logic Gates with Adaptive Computing. IJNMC 1(3): 1-16 (2009)

Larry Bull, Pier Luca Lanzi: Introduction to the special issue on learning classifier systems. Natural Computing 8(1): 1-2 (2009)

Larry Bull: On dynamical genetic programming: simple Boolean networks in learning classifier systems. IJPEDS 24(5): 421-442 (2009)

Larry Bull, Richard Preen: On Dynamical Genetic Programming: Random Boolean Networks in Learning Classifier Systems. EuroGP 2009: 37-48

Gerard David Howard, Larry Bull, Pier Luca Lanzi: Towards continuous actions in continuous space and time using self-adaptive constructivism in neural XCSF. GECCO 2009: 1219-1226

Richard Preen, Larry Bull: Discrete dynamical genetic programming in XCS. GECCO 2009: 1299-1306

Gerard David Howard, Larry Bull, Pier Luca Lanzi: Use of a Connection-Selection Scheme in Neural XCSF. IWLCS 2009: 87-106

Larry Bull, Ester Bernadó-Mansilla, John H. Holmes (Eds.): Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining. Studies in Computational Intelligence 125, Springer 2008, isbn 978-3-540-78978-9

Larry Bull, Adam Budd, Christopher Stone, Ivan S. Uroukov, Ben de Lacy Costello, Andrew Adamatzky: Towards Unconventional Computing through Simulated Evolution: Control of Nonlinear Media by a Learning Classifier System. Artificial Life 14(2): 203-222 (2008)

Larry Bull: Dedication: Dr. Lawrence J. Fogel (1928-2007). Evolutionary Intelligence 1(1): 1 (2008)

Larry Bull: Foreword. Evolutionary Intelligence 1(1): 3-4 (2008)

Ramón Alonso-Sanz, Larry Bull: Boolean Networks with Memory. I. J. Bifurcation and Chaos 18(12): 3799-3814 (2008)

Adam Budd, Christopher Stone, Jonathan Masere, Andrew Adamatzky, Ben de Lacy Costello, Larry Bull: Initial Results from the Use of Evolutionary Learning to Control Chemical Computers. IJUC 4(1): 13-22 (2008)

Larry Bull, Ivan S. Uroukov: Towards Neuronal Computing: Simple Creation of Two Logic Functions in 3D Cell Cultures using Multi-Electrode Arrays. IJUC 4(2): 143-154 (2008)

Ramón Alonso-Sanz, Larry Bull: Elementary coupled cellular automata with memory. Automata 2008: 72-99

Larry Bull, Ramón Alonso-Sanz: On coupling random Boolean networks. Automata 2008: 292-305

Gerard David Howard, Larry Bull, Pier Luca Lanzi: Self-adaptive constructivism in Neural XCS and XCSF. GECCO 2008: 1389-1396

Gerard David Howard, Larry Bull: On the effects of node duplication and connection-oriented constructivism in neural XCSF. GECCO (Companion) 2008: 1977-1984

Christopher Stone, Rita Toth, Ben de Lacy Costello, Larry Bull, Andrew Adamatzky: Coevolving Cellular Automata with Memory for Chemical Computing: Boolean Logic Gates in the BZ Reaction. PPSN 2008: 579-588

Larry Bull, Ester Bernadó-Mansilla, John H. Holmes: Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining: An Introduction. Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining 2008: 1-15

Faten Kharbat, Mohammed Odeh, Larry Bull: Knowledge Discovery from Medical Data: An Empirical Study with XCS. Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining 2008: 93-121

Christopher Stone, Larry Bull: Foreign Exchange Trading Using a Learning Classifier System. Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining 2008: 169-189

Kreangsak Tamee, Larry Bull, Ouen Pinngern: Towards Clustering with Learning Classifier Systems. Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining 2008: 191-204

Uwe Aickelin, Larry Bull: Partnering Strategies for Fitness Evaluation in a Pyramidal Evolutionary Algorithm. CoRR abs/0801.3550 (2008)

Andrew Adamatzky, Larry Bull: Are complex systems hard to evolve? CoRR abs/0802.3875 (2008)

Uwe Aickelin, Larry Bull: On the Application of Hierarchical Coevolutionary Genetic Algorithms: Recombination and Evaluation Partners. CoRR abs/0803.2966 (2008)

Matthew Studley, Larry Bull: Using the XCS Classifier System for Multi-objective Reinforcement Learning Problems. Artificial Life 13(1): 69-86 (2007)

Faten Kharbat, Mohammed Odeh, Larry Bull: New approach for extracting knowledge from the XCS learning classifier system. Int. J. Hybrid Intell. Syst. 4(2): 49-62 (2007)

Larry Bull, Andrew Adamatzky: A Learning Classifier System Approach to the Identification of Cellular Automata. J. Cellular Automata 2(1): 21-38 (2007)

Kreangsak Tamee, Larry Bull, Ouen Pinngern: YCSc: A Modified Clustering Technique Based On LCS. JDIM 5(3): 160-166 (2007)

Anthony J. Bagnall, Gavin C. Cawley, Ian Whittley, Larry Bull, Matthew Studley, Mike Pettipher, Firat Tekiner: Super Computer Heterogeneous Classifier Meta-Ensembles. IJDWM 3(2): 67-82 (2007)

Larry Bull, Matthew Studley, Anthony J. Bagnall, Ian Whittley: Learning Classifier System Ensembles With Rule-Sharing. IEEE Trans. Evolutionary Computation 11(4): 496-502 (2007)

Jorge Casillas, Brian Carse, Larry Bull: Fuzzy-XCS: A Michigan Genetic Fuzzy System. IEEE T. Fuzzy Systems 15(4): 536-550 (2007)

Emmanuel Sapin, Larry Bull: Searching for Glider Guns in Cellular Automata: Exploring Evolutionary and Other Techniques. Artificial Evolution 2007: 255-265

Larry Bull, Toby O'Hara, Pier Luca Lanzi: Anticipation mappings for learning classifier systems. IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2007: 2133-2140

Emmanuel Sapin, Larry Bull, Andrew Adamatzky: A Genetic approach to search for glider guns in cellular automata. IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2007: 2456-2462

Larry Bull, Ivan S. Uroukov: Initial results from the use of learning classifier systems to control in vitro neuronal networks. GECCO 2007: 369-376

Christopher Stone, Rita Toth, Andrew Adamatzky, Ben de Lacy Costello, Larry Bull: Towards the coevolution of cellular automata controllers for chemical computing with the B-Z reaction. GECCO 2007: 472-478

Matthew Smith, Larry Bull: Improving the human readability of features constructed by genetic programming. GECCO 2007: 1694-1701

Kreangsak Tamee, Larry Bull, Ouen Pinngern: Towards clustering with XCS. GECCO 2007: 1854-1860

Faten Kharbat, Larry Bull, Mohammed Odeh: Mining breast cancer data with XCS. GECCO 2007: 2066-2073

Larry Bull: On lookahead and latent learning in simple LCS. GECCO (Companion) 2007: 2633-2636

Tim Kovacs, Larry Bull: Toward a better understanding of rule initialisation and deletion. GECCO (Companion) 2007: 2777-2780

Larry Bull: On Lookahead and Latent Learning in Simple LCS. IWLCS 2007: 154-168

Andrew Adamatzky, Larry Bull, Pierre Collet, Emmanuel Sapin: Evolving localizations in reaction-diffusion cellular automata. CoRR abs/0712.0836 (2007)

Jacob Hurst, Larry Bull: A Neural Learning Classifier System with Self-Adaptive Constructivism for Mobile Robot Control. Artificial Life 12(3): 353-380 (2006)

Anthony J. Bagnall, Ian Whittley, Gareth J. Janacek, Kate Kemsley, Matthew Studley, Larry Bull: A Comparison of DWT/PAA and DFT for Time Series Classification. DMIN 2006: 403-409

Anthony J. Bagnall, Ian Whittley, Matthew Studley, Mike Pettipher, Firat Tekiner, Larry Bull: Variance Stabilizing Regression Ensembles for Environmental Models. IJCNN 2006: 5355-5361

Kreangsak Tamee, Larry Bull, Ouen Pinngern: A Learning Classifier System Approach to Clustering. ISDA (1) 2006: 621-626

Matthew G. Smith, Larry Bull: Genetic Programming with a Genetic Algorithm for Feature Construction and Selection. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines 6(3): 265-281 (2005)

Larry Bull, I. Lawson, Andrew Adamatzky, Ben de Lacy Costello: Towards predicting spatial complexity: a learning classifier system approach to the identification of cellular automata. Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2005: 136-141

Larry Bull: Coevolutionary species adaptation genetic algorithms: growth and mutation on coupled fitness landscapes. Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2005: 559-564

Larry Bull, Matthew Studley, Anthony J. Bagnall, Ian Whittley: On the use of rule-sharing in learning classifier system ensembles. Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2005: 612-617

Toby O'Hara, Larry Bull: A memetic accuracy-based neural learning classifier system. Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2005: 2040-2045

Toby O'Hara, Larry Bull: Building anticipations in an accuracy-based learning classifier system by use of an artificial neural network. Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2005: 2046-2052

Faten Kharbat, Larry Bull, Mohammed Odeh: Revisiting genetic selection in the XCS learning classifier system. Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2005: 2061-2068

Matthew Studley, Larry Bull: X-TCS: accuracy-based learning classifier system robotics. Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2005: 2099-2106

Larry Bull: Coevolutionary Species Adaptation Genetic Algorithms: A Continuing SAGA on Coupled Fitness Landscapes. ECAL 2005: 322-331

Toby O'Hara, Larry Bull: Backpropagation in Accuracy-Based Neural Learning Classifier Systems. IWLCS 2005: 25-39

David Wyatt, Larry Bull, Ian C. Parmee: Using XCS to Describe Continuous-Valued Problem Spaces. IWLCS 2005: 308-332

Jacob Hurst, Larry Bull: A Self-adaptive Neural Learning Classifier System with Constructivism for Mobile Robot Control. PPSN 2004: 942-951

Larry Bull: A Simple Payoff-Based Learning Classifier System. PPSN 2004: 1032-1041

Larry Bull: Lookahead and Latent Learning in a Simple Accuracy-Based Classifier System. PPSN 2004: 1042-1050

Matthew G. Smith, Larry Bull: Using Genetic Programming for Feature Creation with a Genetic Algorithm Feature Selector. PPSN 2004: 1163-1171

Christopher Stone, Larry Bull: For Real! XCS with Continuous-Valued Inputs. Evolutionary Computation 11(3): 298-336 (2003)

Matthew G. Smith, Larry Bull: Feature Construction and Selection Using Genetic Programming and a Genetic Algorithm. EuroGP 2003: 229-237

Christopher Stone, Larry Bull: Towards Learning Classifier Systems for Continuous-Valued Online Environments. GECCO 2003: 1924-1925

Larry Bull, Jacob Hurst: ZCS Redux. Evolutionary Computation 10(2): 185-205 (2002)

Larry Bull, Pier Luca Lanzi, Wolfgang Stolzmann: Learning Classifier Systems. Soft Comput. 6(3-4): 143 (2002)

Larry Bull: On accuracy-based fitness. Soft Comput. 6(3-4): 154-161 (2002)

Andy Tomlinson, Larry Bull: An accuracy based corporate classifier system. Soft Comput. 6(3-4): 200-215 (2002)

Uwe Aickelin, Larry Bull: Partnering Strategies For Fitness Evaluation In A Pyramidal Evolutionary Algorithm. GECCO 2002: 263-270

Larry Bull: Lookahead And Latent Learning In ZCS. GECCO 2002: 897-904

Larry Bull, Toby O'Hara: Accuracy-based Neuro And Neuro-fuzzy Classifier Systems. GECCO 2002: 905-911

Larry Bull, David Wyatt, Ian C. Parmee: Towards The Use Of XCS In Interactive Evolutionary Design. GECCO 2002: 951

Larry Bull, Matthew Studley: Consideration of Multiple Objectives in Neural Learning Classifier Systems. PPSN 2002: 549-557

Larry Bull: On Using Constructivism in Neural Classifier Systems. PPSN 2002: 558-567

Larry Bull, David Wyatt, Ian C. Parmee: Initial Modifications to XCS for Use in Interactive Evolutionary Design. PPSN 2002: 568-577

Jacob Hurst, Larry Bull, Chris Melhuish: TCS Learning Classifier System Controller on a Real Robot. PPSN 2002: 588-600

William B. Langdon, Erick Cantú-Paz, Keith E. Mathias, Rajkumar Roy, David Davis, Riccardo Poli, Karthik Balakrishnan, Vasant Honavar, Günter Rudolph, Joachim Wegener, Larry Bull, Mitchell A. Potter, Alan C. Schultz, Julian F. Miller, Edmund K. Burke, Natasa Jonoska (Eds.): GECCO 2002: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, New York, USA, 9-13 July 2002. Morgan Kaufmann 2002, isbn 1-55860-878-8

Andy Tomlinson, Larry Bull: Symbiogenesis in Learning Classifier Systems. Artificial Life 7(1): 33-61 (2001)

Manu Ahluwalia, Larry Bull: Coevolving functions in genetic programming. Journal of Systems Architecture 47(7): 573-585 (2001)

Larry Bull: On coevolutionary genetic algorithms. Soft Comput. 5(3): 201-207 (2001)

Jacob Hurst, Larry Bull: A Self-Adaptive XCS. IWLCS 2001: 57-73

Larry Bull, Owen Holland, Susan Blackmore: On Meme-Gene Coevolution. Artificial Life 6(3): 227-235 (2000)

Y. J. Cao, N. Ireson, Larry Bull, R. Miles: Distributed Learning Control of Traffic Signals. EvoWorkshops 2000: 117-126

N. Ireson, Y. J. Cao, Larry Bull, R. Miles: A Communication Architecture for Multi-agent Learning Systems. EvoWorkshops 2000: 255-266

Larry Bull, Jacob Hurst: Self-Adaptive Mutation in ZCS Controllers. EvoWorkshops 2000: 339-346

Larry Bull: Simple Markov Models of the Genetic Algorithm in Classifier Systems: Accuracy-Based Fitness. IWLCS 2000: 21-28

Larry Bull: Simple Markov Models of the Genetic Algorithm in Classifier Systems: Multi-step Tasks. IWLCS 2000: 29-36

Jacob Hurst, Larry Bull: A Self-Adaptive Classifier System. IWLCS 2000: 70-79

Larry Bull: On the Evolution of Multicellularity and Eusociality. Artificial Life 5(1): 1-15 (1999)

Larry Bull: On the Baldwin Effect. Artificial Life 5(3): 241-246 (1999)

Larry Bull: On Evolving Social Systems: Communication, Speciation and Symbiogenesis. Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory 5(3): 281-302 (1999)

Larry Bull: On Model-Based Evolutionary Computation. Soft Comput. 3(2): 76-82 (1999)

Y. J. Cao, N. Ireson, Larry Bull, R. Miles: Design of a Traffic Junction Controller Using Classifier Systems and Fuzzy Logic. Fuzzy Days 1999: 342-353

Manu Ahluwalia, Larry Bull: A Genetic Programming-based Classifier System. GECCO 1999: 11-18

Larry Bull: On using ZCS in a Simulated Continuous Double-Auction Market. GECCO 1999: 83-90

Manu Ahluwalia, Larry Bull: Coevolving Functions in Genetic Programming: Classification using K-nearest-neighbour. GECCO 1999: 947-952

Andy Tomlinson, Larry Bull: A Corporate XCS. Learning Classifier Systems 1999: 195-208

Larry Bull: Evolutionary Computing in Multi-agent Environments: Operators. Evolutionary Programming 1998: 43-52

Manu Ahluwalia, Larry Bull: Co-evolving Functions in Genetic Programming: Dynamic ADF Creation Using GLiB. Evolutionary Programming 1998: 809-818

Larry Bull: On ZCS in Multi-agent Environments. PPSN 1998: 471-480

Andy Tomlinson, Larry Bull: A Corporate Classifier System. PPSN 1998: 550-559

Larry Bull: Evolutionary Computation in Multi-Agent Environments: Partners. ICGA 1997: 370-377

Larry Bull, Terence C. Fogarty: Evolutionary Computing in Multi-Agent Environments: Specification and Symbiogenesis. PPSN 1996: 12-21

Larry Bull, Terence C. Fogarty: Artificial Symbiogenesis. Artificial Life 2(3): 269-292 (1995)

Larry Bull, Terence C. Fogarty, Anthony G. Pipe: Artificial Endosymbiosis. ECAL 1995: 273-289

Larry Bull, Terence C. Fogarty, M. Snaith: Evolution in Multi-agent Systems: Evolving Communicating Classifier Systems for Gait in a Quadrupedal Robot. ICGA 1995: 382-388

Larry Bull, Terence C. Fogarty: An Evolution Strategy and Genetic Algorithm Hybrid: An Initial Implementation and First Results. Evolutionary Computing, AISB Workshop 1994: 95-102

Larry Bull, Terence C. Fogarty: Parallel Evolution of Communicating Classifier Systems. International Conference on Evolutionary Computation 1994: 680-685