Hongwei Liu

Hongwei Liu, Xiangli Li: Modified subspace Barzilai-Borwein gradient method for non-negative matrix factorization. Comp. Opt. and Appl. 55(1): 173-196 (2013)

Hongwei Liu, Xiangli Li, Xiuyun Zheng: Solving non-negative matrix factorization by alternating least squares with a modified strategy. Data Min. Knowl. Discov. 26(3): 435-451 (2013)

Hongwei Liu, Peng Zhang, Jun Liu: Public Data Integrity Verification for Secure Cloud Storage. JNW 8(2): 373-380 (2013)

Mian Pan, Lan Du, Penghui Wang, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: Noise-Robust Modification Method for Gaussian-Based Models With Application to Radar HRRP Recognition. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett. 10(3): 558-562 (2013)

Ling Hong, Fengzhou Dai, Hongwei Liu: Sparse Doppler-only snapshot imaging for space debris. Signal Processing 93(4): 731-741 (2013)

Yanbing Li, Lan Du, Hongwei Liu: Hierarchical Classification of Moving Vehicles Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition of Micro-Doppler Signatures. IEEE T. Geoscience and Remote Sensing 51(5-2): 3001-3013 (2013)

Somphong Jitman, San Ling, Hongwei Liu, Xiaoli Xie: Abelian Codes in Principal Ideal Group Algebras. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 59(5): 3046-3058 (2013)

Bocong Chen, Yun Fan, Liren Lin, Hongwei Liu: Constacyclic Codes over Finite Fields. CoRR abs/1301.0369 (2013)

Yun Fan, San Ling, Hongwei Liu: Homogeneous Weights of Matrix Product Codes over Finite Principal Ideal Rings. CoRR abs/1304.1405 (2013)

Yun Fan, Hongwei Liu: Homogeneous Weights and Möbius Functions on Finite Rings. CoRR abs/1304.4927 (2013)

YoungJu Choie, Steven T. Dougherty, Hongwei Liu: Jacobi Forms and Hilbert-Siegel Modular Forms over Totally Real Fields and Self-Dual Codes over Polynomial Rings Z_2m[x] / <g(x)>. Ars Comb. 107: 141-160 (2012)

Yong He, Nuo Liao, Hongwei Liu, Yinghong Zhong: A new method of soft computing to estimate the contribution rate of S&T progress on economic growth. Appl. Soft Comput. 12(6): 1801-1809 (2012)

Weijie Cong, Hongwei Liu, Feng Ye, Shuisheng Zhou: Rank-two update algorithms for the minimum volume enclosing ellipsoid problem. Comp. Opt. and Appl. 51(1): 241-257 (2012)

Xiangli Li, Hongwei Liu, Xiuyun Zheng: Non-monotone projection gradient method for non-negative matrix factorization. Comp. Opt. and Appl. 51(3): 1163-1171 (2012)

Mian Pan, Lan Du, Penghui Wang, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: Multi-task hidden Markov modeling of spectrogram feature from radar high-resolution range profiles. EURASIP J. Adv. Sig. Proc. 2012: 86 (2012)

Bocong Chen, Yun Fan, Liren Lin, Hongwei Liu: Constacyclic codes over finite fields. Finite Fields and Their Applications 18(6): 1217-1231 (2012)

Jianguang Zhu, Hongwei Liu, Binbin Hao: A new semismooth Newton method for NCPs based on the penalized KK function. Int. J. Comput. Math. 89(4): 543-560 (2012)

Hongwei Liu, Xiangli Li, Yakui Huang: Trust-region method for box-constrained semismooth equations and its applications to complementary problems. Int. J. Comput. Math. 89(17): 2281-2306 (2012)

Yu Song, Hongwei Liu, Ming Hao, Xiaozong Yang: Multi-Channel Contention Estimate (MCCE): An Approach to Assign Channels for Multiple Rendezvous MAC Protocols in Ad hoc Networks. JNW 7(9): 1391-1399 (2012)

Changhe Liu, Hongwei Liu, Xinze Liu: Polynomial Convergence of Second-Order Mehrotra-Type Predictor-Corrector Algorithms over Symmetric Cones. J. Optimization Theory and Applications 154(3): 949-965 (2012)

Changhe Liu, Hongwei Liu: A new second-order corrector interior-point algorithm for semidefinite programming. Math. Meth. of OR 75(2): 165-183 (2012)

Bo Jiu, Hongwei Liu, Dazheng Feng, Zheng Liu: Minimax robust transmission waveform and receiving filter design for extended target detection with imprecise prior knowledge. Signal Processing 92(1): 210-218 (2012)

Shenghua Zhou, Hongwei Liu, Baochang Liu, Kuiying Yin: Adaptive MIMO radar target parameter estimation with Kronecker-product structured interference covariance matrix. Signal Processing 92(5): 1177-1188 (2012)

Fengzhou Dai, Hongwei Liu, Yunhe Cao: An adaptive weighted rank order detector for spatially distributed target. Signal Processing 92(9): 2327-2331 (2012)

Yinghua Wang, Hongwei Liu: A Hierarchical Ship Detection Scheme for High-Resolution SAR Images. IEEE T. Geoscience and Remote Sensing 50(10): 4173-4184 (2012)

Lan Du, Hongwei Liu, Penghui Wang, Bo Feng, Mian Pan, Zheng Bao: Noise Robust Radar HRRP Target Recognition Based on Multitask Factor Analysis With Small Training Data Size. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 60(7): 3546-3559 (2012)

Yongchao Wang, Xu Wang, Hongwei Liu, Zhi-Quan Luo: On the Design of Constant Modulus Probing Signals for MIMO Radar. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 60(8): 4432-4438 (2012)

Jun Liu, Zi-Jing Zhang, Peng-Lang Shui, Hongwei Liu: Exact Performance Analysis of an Adaptive Subspace Detector. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 60(9): 4945-4950 (2012)

Liwei Chen, Ming Cong, Jing Huang, Ling Li, Hongwei Liu, Cheng Qian: A Novel HW/SW Partitioning with SIMD Instructions for AVS Video Decoder. NAS 2012: 273-277

Yun Fan, San Ling, Hongwei Liu, Jing Shen, Chaoping Xing: Cumulative Distance Enumerators of Random Codes and their Thresholds. CoRR abs/1212.5679 (2012)

Steven T. Dougherty, Sunghyu Han, Hongwei Liu: Higher weights for codes over rings. Appl. Algebra Eng. Commun. Comput. 22(2): 113-135 (2011)

Aiguo Lu, Hongwei Liu, Xiuyun Zheng, Weijie Cong: A variant spectral-type FR conjugate gradient method and its global convergence. Applied Mathematics and Computation 217(12): 5547-5552 (2011)

Hongwei Liu, Yakui Huang, Xiangli Li: New reformulation and feasible semismooth Newton method for a class of stochastic linear complementarity problems. Applied Mathematics and Computation 217(23): 9723-9740 (2011)

Fengzhou Dai, Hongwei Liu, Shunjun Wu: Generalized adaptive subspace detector for range-Doppler spread target with high resolution radar. SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences 54(1): 172-181 (2011)

Hongwei Liu, Xiangli Li, Yakui Huang: Solving equations via the trust region and its application to a class of stochastic linear complementarity problems. Computers & Mathematics with Applications 61(6): 1646-1664 (2011)

Hongwei Liu, Xiangli Li, Yakui Huang: Corrigendum to "Solving equations via the trust region and its application to a class of stochastic linear complementarity problems" [Comput. Math. Appl. 61 (2011) 1646-1664]. Computers & Mathematics with Applications 61(11): 3400 (2011)

Hongwei Liu, Mohamed S. Ghidaoui, Zhenhua Huang, Zhida Yuan, Jun Wang: Numerical investigation of the interactions between solitary waves and pile breakwaters using BGK-based methods. Computers & Mathematics with Applications 61(12): 3668-3677 (2011)

Hongyang Wang, Guisheng Liao, Hongwei Liu, Jun Li, Hui Lv: Joint optimization of MIMO radar waveform and biased estimator with prior information in the presence of clutter. EURASIP J. Adv. Sig. Proc. 2011: 15 (2011)

Xiuyun Zheng, Hongwei Liu: A smoothing inexact Newton method for variational inequality problems. Int. J. Comput. Math. 88(6): 1283-1293 (2011)

Xiuyun Zheng, Hongwei Liu, Aiguo Lu: Sufficient descent conjugate gradient methods for large-scale optimization problems. Int. J. Comput. Math. 88(16): 3436-3447 (2011)

Hongwei Liu, Yongliang Zhou: Rank-two residue iteration method for nonnegative matrix factorization. Neurocomputing 74(17): 3305-3312 (2011)

Xihong Su, Hongwei Liu, Zhibo Wu, Xiaozong Yang, Decheng Zuo: SA Based Software Deployment Reliability Estimation Considering Component Reliability of Exponential Distribution. JSW 6(6): 1140-1145 (2011)

Xiangli Li, Hongwei Liu, Xiaojun Sun: Feasible smooth method based on Barzilai-Borwein method for stochastic linear complementarity problem. Numerical Algorithms 57(2): 207-215 (2011)

Jianguang Zhu, Hongwei Liu, Changhe Liu, Weijie Cong: A nonmonotone derivative-free algorithm for nonlinear complementarity problems based on the new generalized penalized Fischer-Burmeister merit function. Numerical Algorithms 58(4): 573-591 (2011)

Hongwei Liu, Yakui Huang, Xiangli Li: Partial projected Newton method for a class of stochastic linear complementarity problems. Numerical Algorithms 58(4): 593-618 (2011)

Changhe Liu, Hongwei Liu, Weijie Cong: An $${O(\sqrt{n}L)}$$ iteration primal-dual second-order corrector algorithm for linear programming. Optimization Letters 5(4): 729-743 (2011)

Shenghua Zhou, Hongwei Liu, Yongbo Zhao, Liangbing Hu: Target spatial and frequency scattering diversity property for diversity MIMO radar. Signal Processing 91(2): 269-276 (2011)

Cong Xiang, Da-Zheng Feng, Hui Lv, Jie He, Hongwei Liu: Three-dimensional reduced-dimension transformation for MIMO radar space-time adaptive processing. Signal Processing 91(8): 2121-2126 (2011)

Lei Shi, Penghui Wang, Hongwei Liu, Lei Xu, Zheng Bao: Radar HRRP Statistical Recognition With Local Factor Analysis by Automatic Bayesian Ying-Yang Harmony Learning. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 59(2): 610-617 (2011)

Lan Du, Penghui Wang, Hongwei Liu, Mian Pan, Feng Chen, Zheng Bao: Bayesian Spatiotemporal Multitask Learning for Radar HRRP Target Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 59(7): 3182-3196 (2011)

J. Liu, Zi-Jing Zhang, Yun Yang, Hongwei Liu: A CFAR Adaptive Subspace Detector for First-Order or Second-Order Gaussian Signals Based on a Single Observation. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 59(11): 5126-5140 (2011)

Ning Xie, Hui Wang, Hongwei Liu: Broadband Frequency Invariant Beamformer. Wireless Personal Communications 61(1): 143-159 (2011)

Hongwei Liu, Wenwen Guo, Liang Chu, Xiaowei Hao: Transient optimization of drive control strategy for pure electric passenger car. EMEIT 2011: 1025-1028

Hongwei Liu, Xiaoyin He, Liang Chu, Junhui Tian: Study on control strategy of regenerative braking for electric bus based on braking comfort. EMEIT 2011: 1037-1040

Hongwei Liu, Jianrong Wu, Liang Chu: Design of remote monitoring and fault diagnosis system for electric vehicle. EMEIT 2011: 1079-1082

Xiuyun Zheng, Hongwei Liu: Solving variational inequalities by a modified projection method with an effective step-size. Applied Mathematics and Computation 216(12): 3778-3785 (2010)

Lixia Liu, Sanyang Liu, Hongwei Liu: A predictor-corrector smoothing Newton method for symmetric cone complementarity problems. Applied Mathematics and Computation 217(7): 2989-2999 (2010)

Hongwei Liu: Linear Codes over Finite Chain Rings. Ars Comb. 95 (2010)

Feng Chen, Hongwei Liu, Lan Du, Zheng Bao: Target classification with low-resolution radar based on dispersion situations of eigenvalue spectra. SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences 53(7): 1446-1460 (2010)

Hongwei Liu, Man Yue Lam, Mohamed S. Ghidaoui: A numerical study of temporal shallow mixing layers using BGK-based schemes. Computers & Mathematics with Applications 59(7): 2393-2402 (2010)

Weijie Cong, Hongwei Liu: Modified algorithms for the minimum volume enclosing axis-aligned ellipsoid problem. Discrete Applied Mathematics 158(6): 627-635 (2010)

Steven T. Dougherty, Jon-Lark Kim, Hamid Kulosman, Hongwei Liu: Self-dual codes over commutative Frobenius rings. Finite Fields and Their Applications 16(1): 14-26 (2010)

Steven T. Dougherty, Jon-Lark Kim, Hongwei Liu: Constructions of self-dual codes over finite commutative chain rings. IJICoT 1(2): 171-190 (2010)

Haiqing Yin, Hongwei Liu: A Bregman Iterative Regularization Method for Wavelet-Based Image Deblurring. IJWMIP 8(3): 485-499 (2010)

Jianguang Zhu, Hongwei Liu, Xiangli Li: A regularized smoothing-type algorithm for solving a system of inequalities with a P₀-function. J. Computational Applied Mathematics 233(10): 2611-2619 (2010)

Jing Chai, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: Generalized re-weighting local sampling mean discriminant analysis. Pattern Recognition 43(10): 3422-3432 (2010)

Haiqing Yin, Hongwei Liu: Nonnegative matrix factorization with bounded total variational regularization for face recognition. Pattern Recognition Letters 31(16): 2468-2473 (2010)

Jing Chai, Hongwei Liu, Bo Chen, Zheng Bao: Large margin nearest local mean classifier. Signal Processing 90(1): 236-248 (2010)

Yinghong Zhong, Hongwei Liu: A Research Methodology for Green IT Systems Based on WSR and Design Science: The Case of a Chinese Company. CETS 2010: 215-225

Lei Shi, Penghui Wang, Hongwei Liu, Lei Xu, Zheng Bao: Radar HRRP statistical recognition with Local Factor Analysis by automatic Bayesian Ying Yang harmony learning. ICASSP 2010: 1878-1881

Yongchao Wang, Hongwei Liu, Zhiquan Luo: Iterative design of MIMO radar transmit waveforms and receive filter bank. ICASSP 2010: 2770-2773

Hongwei Liu: On the Levenberg-Marquardt training method for feed-forward neural networks. ICNC 2010: 456-460

Zan Mo, Haitao Xie, Hongwei Liu, Feng Li: Parameter optimization of SVM based on HQGA. ICNC 2010: 2429-2433

Somphong Jitman, San Ling, Hongwei Liu, Xiaoli Xie: Checkable Codes from Group Rings. CoRR abs/1012.5498 (2010)

Steven T. Dougherty, Hongwei Liu: Independence of vectors in codes over rings. Des. Codes Cryptography 51(1): 55-68 (2009)

Shuisheng Zhou, Hongwei Liu, Feng Ye: Variant of Gaussian kernel and parameter setting method for nonlinear SVM. Neurocomputing 72(13-15): 2931-2937 (2009)

Da-Zheng Feng, Xiao-Ming Li, Hui Lv, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: Two-sided minimum-variance distortionless response beamformer for MIMO radar. Signal Processing 89(3): 328-332 (2009)

Hui Lv, Da-Zheng Feng, Hongwei Liu, Jie He, Cong Xiang: Tri-iterative least-square method for bearing estimation in MIMO radar. Signal Processing 89(12): 2686-2691 (2009)

Bo Chen, Hongwei Liu, Jing Chai, Zheng Bao: Large Margin Feature Weighting Method via Linear Programming. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 21(10): 1475-1488 (2009)

Chunyan Hou, Gang Cui, Hongwei Liu, Xiaozong Yang: Reliability Analysis of Component Software Based on Testing Data Transformation. ACIS-ICIS 2009: 955-960

Liya Li, Hongwei Liu, Bo Jiu, Shunjun Wu: Polarization Radar HRRP Recognition Based on Kernel Methods. ISNN (2) 2009: 304-311

Qingyu Hou, Feng Chen, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: A New Statistical Model for Radar HRRP Target Recognition. ISNN (4) 2009: 401-409

Liping Hu, Hongwei Liu, Shunjun Wu: Two-Dimensional Maximum Clustering-Based Scatter Difference Discriminant Analysis for Synthetic Aperture Radar Automatic Target Recognition. ISNN (2) 2009: 655-663

Feng Ye, Hongwei Liu, Shuisheng Zhou, Sanyang Liu: A smoothing trust-region Newton-CG method for minimax problem. Applied Mathematics and Computation 199(2): 581-589 (2008)

Lan Du, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao, Junying Zhang: Radar automatic target recognition based on feature extraction for complex HRRP. Science in China Series F: Information Sciences 51(8): 1138-1153 (2008)

Bo Chen, Hongwei Liu, Li Yuan, Zheng Bao: Adaptively Segmenting Angular Sectors for Radar HRRP Automatic Target Recognition. EURASIP J. Adv. Sig. Proc. 2008 (2008)

Bo Chen, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: A kernel optimization method based on the localized kernel Fisher criterion. Pattern Recognition 41(3): 1098-1109 (2008)

Bo Chen, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: Optimizing the data-dependent kernel under a unified kernel optimization framework. Pattern Recognition 41(6): 2107-2119 (2008)

Lan Du, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: Radar HRRP statistical recognition based on hypersphere model. Signal Processing 88(5): 1176-1190 (2008)

Lan Du, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: Radar HRRP Statistical Recognition: Parametric Model and Model Selection. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 56(5): 1931-1944 (2008)

Yanjun Shu, Zhibo Wu, Hongwei Liu, Xiaozong Yang: Considering the Dependency of Fault Detection and Correction in Software Reliability Modeling. CSSE (2) 2008: 672-675

Yuran Zhu, Ran Zhen, Hongwei Liu, Shang Meng: The Research of Rehabilitation Robots BCI Technology Based on EEG. CSSE (1) 2008: 1107-1110

Yanjun Shu, Zhibo Wu, Hongwei Liu, Xiaozong Yang: Considering Fault Correction Lag in Software Reliability Modeling. PRDC 2008: 355-356

Bo Chen, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: An Efficient Kernel Optimization Method for Radar High-Resolution Range Profile Recognition. EURASIP J. Adv. Sig. Proc. 2007 (2007)

Bo Chen, Li Yuan, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: Kernel subclass discriminant analysis. Neurocomputing 71(1-3): 455-458 (2007)

Hua Yang, Gang Cui, Hongwei Liu, Xiao-Zong Yang: Compacting register file via 2-level renaming and bit-partitioning. Microprocessors and Microsystems 31(3): 178-187 (2007)

Shuisheng Zhou, Hongwei Liu, Li-Hua Zhou, Feng Ye: Semismooth Newton support vector machine. Pattern Recognition Letters 28(15): 2054-2062 (2007)

Hongsong Chen, ZhaoShun Wang, Guangping Zeng, Hongwei Liu: Using Network Processor to Establish Trustworthy Agent Scheme for AODV Routing Protocol. Wireless Personal Communications 42(1): 49-62 (2007)

Fang Gao, Qiang Zhao, Hongwei Liu, Gang Cui: Cultural Particle Swarm Algorithms for Constrained Multi-objective Optimization. International Conference on Computational Science (4) 2007: 1021-1028

Lan Du, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao, Feng Chen: A Novel Feature Vector Using Complex HRRP for Radar Target Recognition. ISNN (1) 2007: 1303-1309

Jing Zhao, Hongwei Liu, Gang Cui, Xiao-Zong Yang: Software reliability growth model with change-point and environmental function. Journal of Systems and Software 79(11): 1578-1587 (2006)

Lan Du, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao, Junying Zhang: A two-distribution compounded statistical model for Radar HRRP target recognition. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 54(6-1): 2226-2238 (2006)

Xuewen Mu, Sanyang Liu, Hongwei Liu: The Application of Successive Quadratic Programming Algorithm to Multiuser Detection in CDMA. Wireless Personal Communications 39(1): 15-24 (2006)

Shuisheng Zhou, Hongwei Liu, Jiangtao Cui, Li-Hua Zhou: Exact Semismooth Newton SVM. ICNC (1) 2006: 139-142

Bo Chen, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: General Kernel Optimization Model Based on Kernel Fisher Criterion. ICNC (1) 2006: 143-146

Fang Gao, Hongwei Liu, Qiang Zhao, Gang Cui: Virus-Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm. ICNC (2) 2006: 156-165

Bo Chen, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: Speeding Up SVM in Test Phase: Application to Radar HRRP ATR. ICONIP (1) 2006: 811-818

Fang Gao, Gang Cui, Hongwei Liu: Integration of Genetic Algorithm and Cultural Algorithms for Constrained Optimization. ICONIP (3) 2006: 817-825

Bo Chen, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: A Kernel Optimization Method Based on the Localized Kernel Fisher Criterion. ISNN (1) 2006: 915-921

Fang Gao, Hongwei Liu, Qiang Zhao, Gang Cui: Hybrid Model of Genetic Algorithm and Cultural Algorithms for Optimization Problem. SEAL 2006: 441-448

Lan Du, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao, Mengdao Xing: Radar HRRP target recognition based on higher order spectra. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 53(7): 2359-2368 (2005)

Jing Zhao, Hongwei Liu, Gang Cui, Xiao-Zong Yang: Software Reliability Growth Model Considering Testing Profile and Operation Profile. COMPSAC (1) 2005: 411-416

Jing Zhao, Hongwei Liu, Gang Cui, Xiao-Zong Yang: Software Reliability Growth Model from Testing to Operation. ICSM 2005: 691-694

Lan Du, Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao, Junying Zhang: A Compound Statistical Model Based Radar HRRP Target Recognition. ISNN (2) 2005: 369-374

Hongwei Liu, Hongtao Su, Zheng Bao: Radar High Range Resolution Profiles Feature Extraction Based on Kernel PCA and Kernel ICA. ISNN (1) 2005: 913-918

Xin Cheng, Hongwei Liu, Jian Dong, Decheng Zuo, Xiaozong Yang: Distributed Deadlock Detection/Resolution based on the Dynamic WFG. IASTED PDCS 2005: 385-390

Hongwei Liu, Xinhui Wang, Sanyang Liu: The application of nonlinear programming for multiuser detection in CDMA. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 3(1): 8-11 (2004)

Hongwei Liu, Hitoshi Iba: Humanoid Robot Programming Based on CBR Augmented GP. GECCO (2) 2004: 708-709

Hongwei Liu, Li Li, Yiliang Xuan, Yongbo Jiang, Yang Qiang: An adaptive CBR model of call center systems. ICARCV 2004: 1497-1501

Hongwei Liu, Zheng Bao: Radar HRR Profiles Recognition Based on SVM with Power-Transformed-Correlation Kernel. ISNN (1) 2004: 531-536

Hongwei Liu, Sanyang Liu, Fengmin Xu: A Tight Semidefinite Relaxation of the MAX CUT Problem. J. Comb. Optim. 7(3): 237-245 (2003)

Shotaro Kamio, Hongwei Liu, Hideyuki Mitsuhasi, Hitoshi Iba: Researches on Ingeniously Behaving Agents. Evolvable Hardware 2003: 218-230

Hongwei Liu, Hitoshi Iba: Multi-agent Learning of Heterogeneous Robots by Evolutionary Subsumption. GECCO 2003: 1715-1718

Hongwei Liu, Lawrence Carin: Class-based target classification in shallow water channel based on Hidden Markov Model. ICASSP 2002: 2889-2892