Risto Miikkulainen

Vinod K. Valsalam, Jonathan D. Hiller, Robert MacCurdy, Hod Lipson, Risto Miikkulainen: Constructing controllers for physical multilegged robots using the ENSO neuroevolution approach. Evolutionary Intelligence 5(1): 45-56 (2012)

Jacob Schrum, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving Multimodal Networks for Multitask Games. IEEE Trans. Comput. Intellig. and AI in Games 4(2): 94-111 (2012)

Nate Kohl, Risto Miikkulainen: An Integrated Neuroevolutionary Approach to Reactive Control and High-Level Strategy. IEEE Trans. Evolutionary Computation 16(4): 472-488 (2012)

Matthew Hausknecht, Piyush Khandelwal, Risto Miikkulainen, Peter Stone: HyperNEAT-GGP: a hyperNEAT-based atari general game player. GECCO 2012: 217-224

Wesley Tansey, Eliana Feasley, Risto Miikkulainen: Accelerating evolution via egalitarian social learning. GECCO 2012: 919-926

Risto Miikkulainen, Eliana Feasley, Leif Johnson, Igor Karpov, Padmini Rajagopalan, Aditya Rawal, Wesley Tansey: Multiagent Learning through Neuroevolution. WCCI 2012: 24-46

Vinod K. Valsalam, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving Symmetry for Modular System Design. IEEE Trans. Evolutionary Computation 15(3): 368-386 (2011)

Adam Dziuk, Risto Miikkulainen: Creating intelligent agents through shaping of coevolution. IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2011: 1077-1083

Alan J. Lockett, Risto Miikkulainen: Measure-theoretic evolutionary annealing. IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2011: 2139-2146

Jacob Schrum, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving multimodal networks for multitask games. CIG 2011: 102-109

Padmini Rajagopalan, Aditya Rawal, Risto Miikkulainen, Marc A. Wiseman, Kay E. Holekamp: The role of reward structure, coordination mechanism and net return in the evolution of cooperation. CIG 2011: 258-265

Jacob Schrum, Igor Karpov, Risto Miikkulainen: UT⁁2: Human-like behavior via neuroevolution of combat behavior and replay of human traces. CIG 2011: 329-336

Igor Karpov, Vinod K. Valsalam, Risto Miikkulainen: Human-assisted neuroevolution through shaping, advice and examples. GECCO 2011: 371-378

Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving neural networks. GECCO (Companion) 2011: 1011-1028

Alan J. Lockett, Risto Miikkulainen: Real-space evolutionary annealing. GECCO 2011: 1179-1186

Bryan Silverthorn, Risto Miikkulainen: Learning Polarity from Structure in SAT. SAT 2011: 377-378

Uli Grasemann, Chaleece Sandberg, Swathi Kiran, Risto Miikkulainen: Impairment and Rehabilitation in Bilingual Aphasia: A SOM-Based Model. WSOM 2011: 207-217

Risto Miikkulainen, Kenneth O. Stanley: Competitive Coevolution through Evolutionary Complexification. CoRR abs/1107.0037 (2011)

Bryan Silverthorn, Risto Miikkulainen: Latent Class Models for Algorithm Portfolio Methods. AAAI 2010

Aditya Rawal, Padmini Rajagopalan, Risto Miikkulainen: Constructing competitive and cooperative agent behavior using coevolution. CIG 2010: 107-114

Jacob Schrum, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving agent behavior in multiobjective domains using fitness-based shaping. GECCO 2010: 439-446

Padmini Rajagopalan, Aditya Rawal, Risto Miikkulainen: Emergence of competitive and cooperative behavior using coevolution. GECCO 2010: 1073-1074

Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving neural networks. GECCO (Companion) 2010: 2441-2460

Risto Miikkulainen: Hopfield Network. Encyclopedia of Machine Learning 2010: 507

Risto Miikkulainen: Neuroevolution. Encyclopedia of Machine Learning 2010: 716-720

Risto Miikkulainen: Neuron. Encyclopedia of Machine Learning 2010: 720-721

Risto Miikkulainen: Reservoir Computing. Encyclopedia of Machine Learning 2010: 863

Risto Miikkulainen: Simple Recurrent Network. Encyclopedia of Machine Learning 2010: 906

Risto Miikkulainen: Topology of a Neural Network. Encyclopedia of Machine Learning 2010: 988-989

Risto Miikkulainen: Weight. Encyclopedia of Machine Learning 2010: 1027

Yiu-Fai Sit, Risto Miikkulainen: Computational Predictions on the Receptive Fields and Organization of V2 for Shape Processing. Neural Computation 21(3): 762-785 (2009)

Nate Kohl, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving neural networks for strategic decision-making problems. Neural Networks 22(3): 326-337 (2009)

Thomas D'Silva, Risto Miikkulainen: Learning Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance for a Robot Arm Using Neuroevolution. Neural Processing Letters 30(1): 59-69 (2009)

Chern Han Yong, Risto Miikkulainen: Coevolution of Role-Based Cooperation in Multiagent Systems. IEEE T. Autonomous Mental Development 1(3): 170-186 (2009)

Jacob Schrum, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving multi-modal behavior in NPCs. CIG 2009: 325-332

Vinod K. Valsalam, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving symmetric and modular neural networks for distributed control. GECCO 2009: 731-738

Risto Miikkulainen, Kenneth O. Stanley: Evolving neural networks. GECCO (Companion) 2009: 2977-3014

Marshall R. Mayberry, Risto Miikkulainen: Representing Semantic Graphs in a Self-Organizing Map. WSOM 2009: 172-181

Risto Miikkulainen, Swathi Kiran: Modeling the Bilingual Lexicon of an Individual Subject. WSOM 2009: 191-199

José Carlos Príncipe, Risto Miikkulainen (Eds.): Advances in Self-Organizing Maps, 7th International Workshop, WSOM 2009, St. Augustine, FL, USA, June 8-10, 2009. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5629, Springer 2009, isbn 978-3-642-02396-5

Faustino J. Gomez, Jürgen Schmidhuber, Risto Miikkulainen: Accelerated Neural Evolution through Cooperatively Coevolved Synapses. Journal of Machine Learning Research 9: 937-965 (2008)

Igor Karpov, John Sheblak, Risto Miikkulainen: OpenNERO: A Game Platform for AI Research and Education. AIIDE 2008

Jacob Schrum, Risto Miikkulainen: Constructing Complex NPC Behavior via Multi-Objective Neuroevolution. AIIDE 2008

Alan J. Lockett, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving opponent models for Texas Hold 'Em. CIG 2008: 31-38

Erkin Bahçeci, Risto Miikkulainen: Transfer of evolved pattern-based heuristics in games. CIG 2008: 220-227

Vinod K. Valsalam, Risto Miikkulainen: Modular neuroevolution for multilegged locomotion. GECCO 2008: 265-272

Nate Kohl, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving neural networks for fractured domains. GECCO 2008: 1405-1412

Risto Miikkulainen, Kenneth O. Stanley: Evolving neural networks. GECCO (Companion) 2008: 2829-2848

Joseph Reisinger, Peter Stone, Risto Miikkulainen: Online kernel selection for Bayesian reinforcement learning. ICML 2008: 816-823

Yaron Silberman, Shlomo Bentin, Risto Miikkulainen: Semantic Boost on Episodic Associations: An Empirically-Based Computational Model. Cognitive Science 31(4): 645-671 (2007)

Yiu-Fai Sit, Risto Miikkulainen: A computational model of the signals in optical imaging with voltage-sensitive dyes. Neurocomputing 70(10-12): 1853-1857 (2007)

Vinod K. Valsalam, James A. Bednar, Risto Miikkulainen: Developing Complex Systems Using Evolved Pattern Generators. IEEE Trans. Evolutionary Computation 11(2): 181-198 (2007)

Bobby D. Bryant, Risto Miikkulainen: Acquiring Visibly Intelligent Behavior with Example-Guided Neuroevolution. AAAI 2007: 801-808

Joseph Reisinger, Erkin Bahçeci, Igor Karpov, Risto Miikkulainen: Coevolving Strategies for General Game Playing. CIG 2007: 320-327

Joseph Reisinger, Risto Miikkulainen: Acquiring evolvability through adaptive representations. GECCO 2007: 1045-1052

Alan J. Lockett, Charles L. Chen, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving explicit opponent models in game playing. GECCO 2007: 2106-2113

Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving neural networks. GECCO (Companion) 2007: 3415-3434

Manish Saggar, Tekin Meriçli, Sari Andoni, Risto Miikkulainen: System Identification for the Hodgkin-Huxley Model using Artificial Neural Networks. IJCNN 2007: 2239-2244

Jefferson Provost, Benjamin Kuipers, Risto Miikkulainen: Developing navigation behavior through self-organizing distinctive-state abstraction. Connect. Sci. 18(2): 159-172 (2006)

James A. Bednar, Risto Miikkulainen: Joint maps for orientation, eye, and direction preference in a self-organizing model of V1. Neurocomputing 69(10-12): 1272-1276 (2006)

Stefanie Jegelka, James A. Bednar, Risto Miikkulainen: Prenatal development of ocular dominance and orientation maps in a self-organizing model of V1. Neurocomputing 69(10-12): 1291-1296 (2006)

Yiu-Fai Sit, Risto Miikkulainen: Self-organization of hierarchical visual maps with feedback connections. Neurocomputing 69(10-12): 1309-1312 (2006)

Kenneth O. Stanley, Bobby D. Bryant, Igor Karpov, Risto Miikkulainen: Real-Time Evolution of Neural Networks in the NERO Video Game. AAAI 2006: 1671-1674

Kenneth O. Stanley, Igor Karpov, Risto Miikkulainen, Aliza Gold: Real-Time Interactive Learning in the NERO Video Game. AAAI 2006: 1953-1954

Chern Han Yong, Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen, Igor Karpov: Incorporating Advice into Neuroevolution of Adaptive Agents. AIIDE 2006: 98-104

Kenneth O. Stanley, Igor Karpov, Risto Miikkulainen, Aliza Gold: The NERO Video Game. AIIDE 2006: 151-152

Igor Karpov, Thomas D'Silva, Craig Varrichio, Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen: Integration and Evaluation of Exploration-Based Learning in Games. CIG 2006: 39-44

Bobby D. Bryant, Risto Miikkulainen: Exploiting Sensor Symmetries in Example-based Training for Intelligent Agents. CIG 2006: 90-97

Faustino J. Gomez, Jürgen Schmidhuber, Risto Miikkulainen: Efficient Non-linear Control Through Neuroevolution. ECML 2006: 654-662

German A. Monroy, Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen: Coevolution of neural networks using a layered pareto archive. GECCO 2006: 329-336

Joseph Reisinger, Risto Miikkulainen: Selecting for evolvable representations. GECCO 2006: 1297-1304

Nate Kohl, Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen, Michael E. Samples, Rini Sherony: Evolving a real-world vehicle warning system. GECCO 2006: 1681-1688

Peggy Fidelman, Thayne Coffman, Risto Miikkulainen: Detecting Motion in the Environment with a Moving Quadruped Robot. RoboCup 2006: 219-231

Risto Miikkulainen, James A. Bednar, Yoonsuck Choe, Joseph Sirosh: Computational Maps in the Visual Cortex. Springer 2005, isbn 978-0-387-22024-6, pp. I-XXIX, 1-538

James A. Bednar, Judah B. De Paula, Risto Miikkulainen: Self-organization of color opponent receptive fields and laterally connected orientation maps. Neurocomputing 65-66: 69-76 (2005)

Shimon Whiteson, Nate Kohl, Risto Miikkulainen, Peter Stone: Evolving Soccer Keepaway Players Through Task Decomposition. Machine Learning 59(1-2): 5-30 (2005)

Marshall R. Mayberry, Risto Miikkulainen: Broad-Coverage Parsing with Neural Networks. Neural Processing Letters 21(2): 121-132 (2005)

Kenneth O. Stanley, Bobby D. Bryant, Risto Miikkulainen: Real-time neuroevolution in the NERO video game. IEEE Trans. Evolutionary Computation 9(6): 653-668 (2005)

Thomas D'Silva, Roy Janik, Micahel Chrien, Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen: Retaining Learned Behavior During Real-Time Neuroevolution. AIIDE 2005: 39-44

Kenneth O. Stanley, Ryan Cornelius, Risto Miikkulainen: Real-time Learning in the NERO Video Game. AIIDE 2005: 159-160

Kenneth O. Stanley, Bobby D. Bryant, Risto Miikkulainen: Real-Time Evolution in the NERO Video Game (Winner of CIG 2005 Best Paper Award). CIG 2005

Vinod K. Valsalam, James A. Bednar, Risto Miikkulainen: Constructing good learners using evolved pattern generators. GECCO 2005: 11-18

Joseph Reisinger, Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen: Towards an empirical measure of evolvability. GECCO Workshops 2005: 257-264

Shimon Whiteson, Peter Stone, Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen, Nate Kohl: Automatic feature selection in neuroevolution. GECCO 2005: 1225-1232

Adrian K. Agogino, Kagan Tumer, Risto Miikkulainen: Efficient credit assignment through evaluation function decomposition. GECCO 2005: 1309-1316

David Pardoe, Michael S. Ryoo, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving neural network ensembles for control problems. GECCO 2005: 1379-1384

Yiu-Fai Sit, Risto Miikkulainen: Learning basic navigation for personal satellite assistant using neuroevolution. GECCO 2005: 1913-1920

Uli Grasemann, Risto Miikkulainen: Effective image compression using evolved wavelets. GECCO 2005: 1961-1968

Kenneth O. Stanley, Nate Kohl, Rini Sherony, Risto Miikkulainen: Neuroevolution of an automobile crash warning system. GECCO 2005: 1977-1984

Yoonsuck Choe, Risto Miikkulainen: Contour integration and segmentation with self-organized lateral connections. Biological Cybernetics 90(2): 75-88 (2004)

Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen: Competitive Coevolution through Evolutionary Complexification. J. Artif. Intell. Res. (JAIR) 21: 63-100 (2004)

James A. Bednar, Amol Kelkar, Risto Miikkulainen: Scaling self-organizing maps to model large cortical networks. Neuroinformatics 2(3): 275-301 (2004)

Masumi Ishikawa, Risto Miikkulainen, Helge Ritter: New developments in self-organizing systems. Neural Networks 17(8-9): 1037 (2004)

Joseph Reisinger, Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving Reusable Neural Modules. GECCO (2) 2004: 69-81

Faustino J. Gomez, Risto Miikkulainen: Transfer of Neuroevolved Controllers in Unstable Domains. GECCO (2) 2004: 957-968

Uli Grasemann, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving Wavelets Using a Coevolutionary Genetic Algorithm and Lifting. GECCO (2) 2004: 969-980

Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving a Roving Eye for Go. GECCO (2) 2004: 1226-1238

Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen: A Taxonomy for Artificial Embryogeny. Artificial Life 9(2): 93-130 (2003)

James A. Bednar, Risto Miikkulainen: Self-organization of spatiotemporal receptive fields and laterally connected direction and orientation maps. Neurocomputing 52-54: 473-480 (2003)

James A. Bednar, Risto Miikkulainen: Learning Innate Face Preferences. Neural Computation 15(7): 1525-1557 (2003)

Shimon Whiteson, Nate Kohl, Risto Miikkulainen, Peter Stone: Evolving Keepaway Soccer Players through Task Decomposition. GECCO 2003: 356-368

Faustino J. Gomez, Risto Miikkulainen: Active Guidance for a Finless Rocket Using Neuroevolution. GECCO 2003: 2084-2095

James Fan, Raymond Lau, Risto Miikkulainen: Utilizing Domain Knowledge in Neuroevolution. ICML 2003: 170-177

Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving Neural Network through Augmenting Topologies. Evolutionary Computation 10(2): 99-127 (2002)

James A. Bednar, Amol Kelkar, Risto Miikkulainen: Modeling large cortical networks with growing self-organizing maps. Neurocomputing 44-46: 315-321 (2002)

Tal Tversky, Risto Miikkulainen: Modeling directional selectivity using self-organizing delay-adaptation maps. Neurocomputing 44-46: 679-684 (2002)

Alex v. E. Conradie, Risto Miikkulainen, Christiaan Aldrich: Adaptive Control Utilising Neural Swarming. GECCO 2002: 60-67

Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen: Continual Coevolution Through Complexification. GECCO 2002: 113-120

Matthew Alden, Aard-Jan van Kesteren, Risto Miikkulainen: Eugenic Evolution Utilizing A Domain Model. GECCO 2002: 279-286

Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen: Efficient Reinforcement Learning Through Evolving Neural Network Topologies. GECCO 2002: 569-577

Yoonsuck Choe, Risto Miikkulainen, Lawrence K. Cormack: Effects of presynaptic, postsynaptic resource redistribution in Hebbian weight adaptation. Neurocomputing 32-33: 77-82 (2000)

Michael Howe, Risto Miikkulainen: Hebbian learning and temporary storage in the convergence-zone model of episodic memory. Neurocomputing 32-33: 817-821 (2000)

James A. Bednar, Risto Miikkulainen: Tilt Aftereffects in a Self-Organizing Model of the Primary Visual Cortex. Neural Computation 12(7): 1721-1740 (2000)

Adrian K. Agogino, Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen: Online Interactive Neuro-evolution. Neural Processing Letters 11(1): 29-38 (2000)

James A. Bednar, Risto Miikkulainen: Self-Organization of Innate Face Preferences: Could Genetics Be Expressed through Learning? AAAI/IAAI 2000: 117-122

Yoonsuck Choe, Risto Miikkulainen: A Self-Organizing Neural Network for Contour Integration through Synchronized Firing. AAAI/IAAI 2000: 123-128

Daniel Polani, Risto Miikkulainen: Eugenic Neuro-Evolution for Reinforcement Learning. GECCO 2000: 1041-1046

Shailesh Kumar, Risto Miikkulainen: Confidence Based Dual Reinforcement Q-Routing: An adaptive online network routing algorithm. IJCAI 1999: 758-763

Marshall R. Mayberry, Risto Miikkulainen: SARDSRN: A Neural Network Shift-Reduce Parser. IJCAI 1999: 820-827

Faustino J. Gomez, Risto Miikkulainen: Solving Non-Markovian Control Tasks with Neuro-Evolution. IJCAI 1999: 1356-1361

Norman Richards, David E. Moriarty, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving Neural Networks to Play Go. Appl. Intell. 8(1): 85-96 (1998)

Yoonsuck Choe, Risto Miikkulainen: Self-organization and segmentation in a laterally connected orientation map of spiking neurons. Neurocomputing 21(1-3): 139-157 (1998)

Marshall R. Mayberry, Risto Miikkulainen: Combining Maps and Distributed Representations for Shift-Reduce Parsing. Hybrid Neural Systems 1998: 144-157

Risto Miikkulainen, James A. Bednar, Yoonsuck Choe, Joseph Sirosh: A Self-Organizing Neural Network Model of the Primary Visual Cortex. ICONIP 1998: 815-818

Wee Kheng Leow, Risto Miikkulainen: Visual Schemas in Neural Networks for Object Recognition and Scene Analysis. Connect. Sci. 9(2): 161-200 (1997)

David E. Moriarty, Risto Miikkulainen: Forming Neural Networks Through Efficient and Adaptive Coevolution. Evolutionary Computation 5(4): 373-399 (1997)

Joseph Sirosh, Risto Miikkulainen: Topographic Receptive Fields and Patterned Lateral Interaction in a Self-Organizing Model of the Primary Visual Cortex. Neural Computation 9(3): 577-594 (1997)

Mark Moll, Risto Miikkulainen: Convergence-Zone Episodic Memory: Analysis and Simulations. Neural Networks 10(6): 1017-1036 (1997)

Paul McQuesten, Risto Miikkulainen: Culling and Teaching in Neuro-Evolution. ICGA 1997: 760-767

Norman Richards, David E. Moriarty, Paul McQuesten, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving Neural Networks to Play Go. ICGA 1997: 768-775

Yoonsuck Choe, Risto Miikkulainen: Self-Organization and Segmentation with Laterally Connected Spiking Neurons. IJCAI 1997: 1120-1125

Jake Ryan, Meng-Jang Lin, Risto Miikkulainen: Intrusion Detection with Neural Networks. NIPS 1997

Risto Miikkulainen: Subsymbolic Case-Role Analysis of Sentences With Embedded Clauses. Cognitive Science 20(1): 47-73 (1996)

David E. Moriarty, Risto Miikkulainen: Efficient Reinforcement Learning through Symbiotic Evolution. Machine Learning 22(1-3): 11-32 (1996)

Joseph Sirosh, Risto Miikkulainen: Self-Organization and Functional Role of Lateral Connections and Multisize Receptive Fields in the Primary Visual Cortex. Neural Processing Letters 3(1): 39-48 (1996)

Patrick Goetz, Shailesh Kumar, Risto Miikkulainen: On-Line Adaptation of a Signal Predistorter through Dual Reinforcement Learning. ICML 1996: 175-181

Risto Miikkulainen: Script-Based Inference and Memory Retrieval in Subsymbolic Story Processing. Appl. Intell. 5(2): 137-163 (1995)

David E. Moriarty, Risto Miikkulainen: Discovering Complex Othello Strategies through Evolutionary Neural Networks. Connect. Sci. 7(3-4): 195-210 (1995)

Justine Blackmore, Risto Miikkulainen: Visualizing High-Dimensional Structure with the Incremental Grid Growing Neural Network. ICML 1995: 55-63

David E. Moriarty, Risto Miikkulainen: Efficient Learning from Delayed Rewards through Symbiotic Evolution. ICML 1995: 396-404

Yoonsuck Choe, Joseph Sirosh, Risto Miikkulainen: Laterally Interconnected Self-Organizing Maps in Hand-Written Digit Recognition. NIPS 1995: 736-742

Joseph Sirosh, Risto Miikkulainen: Cooperative self-organization of afferent and lateral connections in cortical maps. Biological Cybernetics 71(1): 65-78 (1994)

Wee Kheng Leow, Risto Miikkulainen: VISOR: Schema-based scene analysis with structured neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 1(2): 18-23 (1994)

Mark Moll, Risto Miikkulainen, Jonathan Abbey: The Capacity of Convergence-Zone Episodic Memory. AAAI 1994: 68-73

Risto Miikkulainen, Dennis Bijwaard: Parsing Embedded Clauses with Distributed Neural Networks. AAAI 1994: 858-864

David E. Moriarty, Risto Miikkulainen: Evolving Neural Networks to Focus Minimax Search. AAAI 1994: 1371-1377

David E. Moriarty, Risto Miikkulainen: Improving Game-Tree Search with Evolutionary Neural Networks. International Conference on Evolutionary Computation 1994: 496-501

Risto Miikkulainen: Integrated Connectionist Models: Building AI Systems on Subsymbolic Foundations. ICTAI 1994: 231-232

Joseph Sirosh, Risto Miikkulainen: Ocular Dominance and Patterned Lateral Connections in a Self-Organizing Model of the Primary Visual Cortex. NIPS 1994: 109-116

Daniel L. James, Risto Miikkulainen: SARDNET: A Self-Organizing Feature Map for Sequences. NIPS 1994: 577-584

Risto Miikkulainen: Subsymbolic natural language processing - an integrated model of scripts, lexicon, and memory. Neural network modeling and connectionism, MIT Press 1993, isbn 978-0-262-13290-9, pp. I-XII, 1-391

Risto Miikkulainen: Trace feature map: a model of episodic associative memory. Biological Cybernetics 66(3): 273-282 (1992)

Risto Miikkulainen, Michael G. Dyer: Natural Language Processing With Modular PDP Networks and Distributed Lexicon. Cognitive Science 15(3): 343-399 (1991)

Risto Miikkulainen: A PDP Architecture For Processing Sentences With Relative Clauses. COLING 1990: 201-206